塔河常规三维与三分量三维纵波成像能力对比

Comparison of the P-wave imaging capability from conventional 3D and 3D3C seismic data in the Tahe Oilfield

对比研究了塔河油田S48井区模拟检波器接收的常规三维(3D)地震数据和三分量数字检波器接收的三分量三维(3D3C)地震数据纵波波场及其成像能力的差异。从野外单炮、成像效果及碳酸盐缝洞识别能力三方面分析发现:三分量纵波数据的主频和频带宽度高于常规三维地震Z分量纵波数据,有利于高分辨率勘探;三分量地震资料信噪比低于单分量地震资料,但现代室内处理技术可以有效提高信噪比;处理后的三分量地震资料中纵波具有与常规三维Z分量纵波相同的层位与构造成像能力,且三分量纵波具有更好的横向分辨率;串珠状反射在单分量模拟检波器接收的Z分量地震剖面上表现为窄而长,而在三分量纵波剖面上表现为宽而短;常规三维Z分量地震资料识别的溶蚀孔洞体数量总体稍少于三分量纵波,三分量地震资料中的纵波具有更强的小规模缝洞体识别能力。

P-waves and imaging were compared from two gathered data,namely,conventional 3D seismic data gathered using analog geophones and three-component seismic data gathered using digital sensors acquired in the S48 well area of the Tahe Oilfield.Shot records,the imaging effects and the identifiability of the fracture-vuggy carbonate reservoir from the two kinds of seismic data are compared.The comparisons show that the dominant frequency and bandwidth of the P waves in three-component seismic data are higher than those from the conventional 3D data,thus the former will be conducive to high-resolution exploration.The SNR of the three-component seismic data is lower than that of the conventional single-component seismic data,but the current processing technology can improve it effectively.After processing the P-waves from two kinds of seismic data have the same imaging capability for horizons and structures,and the P-waves from three-component seismic data have better transverse resolution.String beads-shaped events in P-wave sections from conventional 3D data using analog geophones are longer and narrower than those three-component seismic data.The number of fracture-vuggy bodies identified from P-waves in the conventional 3D data is slightly less than that from the three-component seismic data.Thus,it can be concluded that P-waves in three-component seismic data can satisfactorily identify small-scale fracture-vuggy bodies.