论物权法文本中“应当”的多重语境

On the Multiple Contexts of “Should” in Real Right Law of China

《中华人民共和国物权法》共计247个条文,其中有84个条文118处使用了"应当"一词。在一部法律中,场合、语境不同,"应当"的含义也不同。除了个别的例外,"应当"一词的使用,通常与法律规范的类型区分有关。在大多数情形下,使用"应当"一词的法律条文派生或确立的法律规定,或者对应着简单规范,或者对应着复杂规范,或者对应着简单规范和复杂规范的结合规范,不能一概而论。"应当"对应着简单规范的,有能够约定排除其法律适用的,也有不能约定排除其法律适用的。"应当"对应着复杂规范的,有倡导性规范、授权第三人规范、强制性规范。我国民法典物权编的编纂,应重视我国现行法文本中"应当"的多重语境,以利于法律条文的妥当设计和法律规范的妥当适用。

There are totally 247 articles in the Real Right Law of PRC,and 84 articles have the term“Should”.Even in the same law,the meaning of the term“Should”is different in different situations and contents.Apart from some exceptions,the use of the term“Should”is usually related to the categorized types of legal rules.In most situations,the legal provision developed or established from the legal text using the term“Should”corresponds to a single norm or a complicated norm or a rule combining the single norm and the complicated norm,without sweeping generalizations.For articles in which“Should”corresponds to a single norm,some could be excluded from application through agreement and some could not be excluded from application through agreement.For articles in which“Should”corresponds to a complicated norm,there are advocating norms,norms authorizing the third person,and mandatory norms.When China codifies the Real Right Section of the Civil Code,the emphasis should be paid to the multiple contexts of“Should”in the current legal texts of China for benefiting the proper design of legal provisions and appropriate application of legal norms.