北京市3～6岁儿童国民体质测试成绩与粗大动作技能发展的关系

The Relationship between Physical Fitness and Gross Motor Development among 3-6 Years Old Children in Beijing

目的:分析儿童体质测试成绩与粗大动作技能发展之间的关系,对不同儿童进行有针对性的指导和帮助。方法:北京市4所幼儿园共1 928名儿童,按照《国民体质测定标准手册》(幼儿部分)进行体质测试。随机整群选取了8个班作为整群对照(CG,n=244),并根据体质测试成绩,选取成绩前10%的儿童(TG,n=203)和后10%儿童(BG,n=203),采用Test of Gross Motor Development-3(TGMD-3)对儿童粗大动作发展进行评估,对移动类和球类技能两大类基本动作的动作技能进行评估。结果:1)男童移动动作分值与女童无明显差别;2)男童球类动作技能好于女童,且随年龄增加其优势更加明显;3)体质测试成绩差的儿童,动作发展低于整体水平,特别是其球类动作技能的发展;4)随着年龄的增长,儿童动作发展的差距随年龄增长有逐渐扩大的趋势;5)粗大动作发展与体质测试结果中等相关。结论:针对3~6岁儿童,促进其体质发展,必须重视儿童动作技能的发展,对动作技能发展滞后的儿童应在教学活动中给予更多关注和指导。

To analyze the relationship between physical fitness and gross motor development could provide more targeted guidance and help to promote kindergartens improve the mode of exercise intervention.1928 children from 4 kindergartens in Beijing were performed 6 physical fitness tests(i.e.10m shuttle run,standing long jump,tennis throw,continuous jump,the balance beam,and sit and reach test).The testing methods and standards conformed to China’s National Physical Fitness Tests Standards Manual(Children Part).244 children in 8 class were selected by random,the top 10%with excellent score(n=203)and the bottom 10%with poor score(n=203)of children were respectively selected to carry out the test of gross motor development-3(TGMD-3).There was a certain linear correlation between motor development and physical fitness test scores,and children with good motor development usually had comparatively good physical fitness test scores.Furthermore,in the 3-6 years old group,differences in the motor development gradually expanded with age.For 3-6 years old children,attention must be paid to the development of children’s motor skills to promote the development of children’s physical fitness.