面向油水分离的无机膜制备及应用进展

Recent progress of preparation and application of inorganic membranes in oil/water separation

膜技术是处理含油污水及含水油液的有效分离方法。无机膜材料由于可调变的表面性质和良好的稳定性,即使在苛刻的条件下,在分离油水方面表现出优异的分离性能。本文首先阐述了设计与制备油水分离膜的理论基础,包括分离过程中压力驱动力和膜表面特性对膜通量和选择性的影响;然后综述了当前国内外用于油水分离的无机膜的制备及其应用进展,重点介绍分子筛膜、金属氧化物/金属氢氧化物膜和氧化石墨烯膜等的研究,分析了在不同油水混合物中研究者们调控无机膜表面性能的策略,提出膜表面润湿性和膜结构是提高膜分离效率和抗污染性的关键;最后指出抵制含大量表面活性剂、碱液及有机聚合物种的乳化油对膜造成污染,是无机膜亟需解决的问题,并展望了无机膜在分离油水方面的发展方向。

Membrane-based technologies are every effective for the separation of oil/water systems.Because of the controllable surface properties and excellent stability,inorganic membrane particularly has great potential for the oil-water separation even under harsh conditions.First,the theoretical basis of the design and preparation of oil-water separation membrane was described in this paper.Factors that are significantly affects membrane flux and selectivity were analyzed.Then,recent progress of preparation and application of inorganic membranes for the oil-water system,with special highlights on zeolite,metal oxide,graphene oxide membranes,was reviewed.It is concluded that the surface wetting properties and membrane structure are the key to improve separation efficiency and the anti-fouling properties.Controlling membrane fouling is of significant importance for application of inorganic membranes to separation of oil/water emulsions,particularly with the presence of surfactants,alkaline and organic polymers.Finally,future directions on the development of application inorganic membranes for separation of oil/water mixtures were also briefly discussed.