上海地区2437例食物不耐受患儿过敏原谱检测分析

Allergen spectrum analysis for 2437 children with food intolerance in Shanghai

目的探讨上海市食物不耐受患儿过敏原谱的分布特征,为该地区儿童食物不耐受疾病的防治提供科学依据。方法选取进行食物过敏原检测的患儿2 437例,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测患儿血清食物特异性IgG抗体,对检测结果进行统计分析。结果 2 437例食物不耐受患儿中有1 928例(79.1%)血清食物特异性IgG抗体阳性。最主要的食入性过敏原为蛋清/蛋黄,阳性率为54.7%,之后依次为小麦(44.3%)、西红柿(31.3%)、牛奶(30.5%),猪肉、牛肉阳性率最低(均<1%)。男童的蛋清/蛋黄阳性率明显高于女童(P<0.05),而女童的蘑菇阳性率显著高于男童(P<0.05)。不同年龄段患儿牛奶、蛋清/蛋黄、小麦、玉米、鳕鱼、大米、西红柿、蟹、虾和鸡肉阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随着年龄的增长,部分食物特异性IgG抗体阳性率呈下降趋势。结论蛋清/蛋黄、小麦、西红柿和牛奶是上海地区儿童食物不耐受疾病的主要过敏原。通过检测食物特异性IgG抗体可以明确病因,对食物不耐受患儿的个体化治疗和健康教育有重要作用。

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of allergen spectrum for food intolerance children in Shanghai,and to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of food intolerance disease.Methods A total of 2 437 children with food intolerance received allergen test.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used for determining serum food specific IgG antibody,and the results were analyzed statistically.Results Among the 2 437 patients,serum food specific IgG antibody was positive in 1 928 cases(79.1%).The main allergen was egg white/yolk,whose positive rate was 54.7%,followed by wheat(44.3%),tomato(31.3%)and milk(30.5%).Pork and beef were allergens with low positive rates(<1%).The positive rate of egg white/yolk in boys was higher than that in girls,while the positive rate of mushroom in girls was higher than that in boys(P<0.05).There was statistical significance in milk,egg white/yolk,wheat,corn,cod,rice,tomato,crab,shrimp and chicken among children with different ages(P<0.05).With the increasing of age,the positive rates of serum food specific IgG antibody for some allergens were decreased.Conclusions Egg white/yolk,wheat,tomato and milk are main allergens for child food intolerance disease in Shanghai.The allergen test can determine allergens,and it plays a role in individualized treatment and health education for children with food intolerance disease.