苹果分层纺锤形冠层结构与果实产量品质的关系

Study on the Relationship between Apple Layered Spindle Canopy Structure and Yield and Quality

【目的】研究分层纺锤形冠层结构与产量品质关系,分析树形结构的适宜性,为短枝苹果整形修剪提供依据。【方法】以分层纺锤形苹果树为研究对象,测定冠层微气候因子、枝量、冠层结构及产量和品质参数,分析比较不同冠层间的差异。【结果】不同冠层的光照、温度、ACF、DIFN、MTA都随冠层高度的增加而增加;湿度,主枝长,主枝粗,冠层体积、LAI、产量随冠层高度的增加而减小;而果实品质仅有果实着色面积在上层与中、下层上存在显著差异,而其它品质指标在各层间无显著差异,果实品质一致性较高;产量主要集中于树体中下部冠层,便于修剪、树体管理、采摘。【结论】树冠下部冠层产量平均为下部冠层产量平均为40 392 kg/hm^2,中部冠层产量为15 081 kg/hm^2,上部冠层产量为8 316 kg/hm^2,产量主要集中于冠层中下部,便于管理和采摘,苹果分层纺锤形冠层通风透光条件良好,产量较高,品质指标在各层无显著差异,果实品质一致,有较好生产应用价值。

【Objective】This project aims to study the relationship between the canopy structure and yield and quality of the layered spindle of apples by analyzing the suitability of the tree structure in the hope of providing basis for the pruning of the spur-type apple.【Method】The layered spindle apple tree was used as research object to measure the microclimatic factors,branches,canopy structure and yield and quality parameters of the canopy and analyze and contrast the differences in different canopy layers.【Result】The light intensity,temperature,ACF,DIFN and MTA increased with the increase of crown height;humidity,main branch length,main branch thickness,canopy volume,LAI and yield decreased with the increase of crown height;in terms of fruit quality,the differences only existed between the upper,middle and lower layers,however,there was no significant difference in other quality indexes among different layers,where the fruit quality consistency remained quite high.The yield was mainly concentrated in the middle and lower part of the tree canopy,which was convenient for pruning,tree management and picking.【Conclusion】The average yield was 40,392 kg/hm 2 in lower part of the canopy,15,081 kg/hm 2 in the middle part and 8,316 kg/hm 2 kg/hm 2 in the upper part,with the yield concentrating in the middle and lower parts,and convenience to manage and harvest,with good ventilation and light conditions,high yield,high consistency of fruit quality,the apple layered spindle canopy has good application value.