骏枣木质化枣吊发育特性及其农艺调控研究

Study on the Development Characteristics and Agronomic Regulation of Lignified Bearing Branch on Junzao

【目的】研究新疆骏枣木质化枣吊的发育特性及不同农艺调控效果,为生产上利用木质化枣吊实现骏枣优质丰产栽培提供参考依据。【方法】观察不同类型枣吊物候期、生长量、坐果及果实品质,研究木质化枣吊的发育特性;分析不同农艺措施对木质化枣吊枣果品质的影响,提出最佳调控措施。【结果】木质化枣吊比脱落性枣吊的花期持续时间长12 d左右,生长发育期长20 d左右、果实成熟期晚15 d左右。骏枣木质化枣吊的生长量、果吊比等指标显著高于脱落性枣吊。不同农艺措施对枣吊、叶片、枣果品质的调控效果存在差异。枣头重摘心、叶面喷施尿素和KH_2PO_4均能显著促进木质化枣吊的生长和提高单果重,其中叶面喷施KH_2PO_4能明显改善品质。在一定浓度范围内,叶面喷施CCC可以显著增大叶片宽度和枣吊粗度,叶面喷施ABA抑制了枣吊的正常发育且降低了枣果品质,而叶面喷施GA_3可促进枣吊发育,提高单果重,但降低了可溶性糖含量。【结论】相比脱落性枣吊,骏枣木质化枣吊发育时间长,生长量大,坐果能力强。骏枣利用木质化枣吊坐果,能增大果个且枣果品质仍能保持在较高水平。枣头重摘心和叶面喷施KH_2PO_4可以促进枣吊发育和提高果实品质。

【Objective】To clarify the development characteristics and the effect of different agronomical measures for the lignified bearing branch on Junzao in the Kashgar region of Xinjiang in the hope providing reference for the production of high quality cultivars using lignified bearing branches.【Method】This paper observed phenological period,growth,bear fruit condition and fruit quality to confirm the development characteristics of different type jujube bearing branches and analyzed the influence of different agronomic measures on the development characteristics of the lignified bearing branches,thus putting forward the best control measures to promote the growth and development.【Result】The lignified bearing branches were compared with the deciduous bearing branches on Junzao:the duration of flowering and the growth period were about twelve and twenty days longer respectively,but fruit ripening period was around fifteen days later.The growth,fruit hanging ratio of lignified bearing branch were significantly higher.The effects of different agronomic measures on the quality of jujube hanging,leaf and fruit were different.The weight-pinching of jujube head and foliar spraying by Urea,KH 2PO 4 could remarkably promote the growth of lignified bearing branch and increase the weight of single fruit,in which the foliar spraying KH 2PO 4 could obviously improve the quality.In the concentration range of the test,the foliar spraying CCC could significantly increase the width of the leaf and the diameter of bearing branch.Foliar spraying of abscisic acid inhibited the normal development of bearing branch and reduced the fruit quality,and foliar spraying GA 3 could promote the development of bearing branch,increase the weight of single fruit,but reduce the soluble sugar content.【Conclusion】Compared with the deciduous bearing branch,lignified bearing branch had the advantages of long development time,large growth rate and stronger fruit-setting ability.It can increase the fruit weight and remain at a higher level of fruit quality by using lignified bearing branch.The heavy pinching and spraying KH 2PO 4 can promote the development of bearing branch and improve the fruit quality.