从邻避冲突案例看网络动员平台的迁移——基于政治机会结构理论的分析

Platform Migration of Online Mobilization in NIMBY Conflicts——An Analysis Based on the Theory of Political Opportunity Structure

相对于西方国家而言,中国互联网发展历程的一大显著特点是"平台迁移":社交媒体用户大规模地从一个平台迁移到另一个平台。在互联网时代,集体行动组织动员的渠道、方式和影响也随之变化。我国网络动员平台迁移折射出规律性特征,互联网政治机会结构分析框架包含冲突发起、冲突扩展、政府管理、平台支撑四个维度以及十二个子维度。以"邻避冲突"领域为代表的典型案例,分别通过论坛、微博与微信进行网络动员,发生显著"平台迁移"。当前我国互联网集体行动的发展呈以下态势:舆论下沉,政府与民众协商互动的机会减少;联合增强,集体行动突然爆发的可能性更大;议题变窄,集体行动暂时性控制更易但深层次化解更难;管理更难,介入动员过程受限且监管更为乏力。

Compared with western countries,the development of Chinese Internet is primarily featured by"platform migration",that is,users migrate from one platform to another on a large scale.In the era of Internet,the mobilization of Chinese collective action is also changing accordingly.To analyze this special phenomenon,we adjust the theory of political opportunity structure and set up a four-dimension analysis framework which includes conflict initiation,conflict expansion,government regulation and platform support.Then we select three typical cases which are separately mobilized via online BBS forum,Weibo,and Wechat.Through a diachronic and comparative analysis,we conclude the developing trends of Chinese online mobilization:(1)Online public opinion is sinking,the chances for government to perceive public opinion and deliberate with people are decreasing.(2)The possibility of a sudden outbreak of collective action is higher than before.(3)Actions are limited in small ranges and are focusing on specific interests,thus are easier to be stopped temporally,but the potential conflict and anger are harder to be defused.(4)Government management is more difficult,daily administration cannot penetrate the mobilizing process,and are facing up to more legal and technological barriers.