西汉“霸王道杂之”政治思想探略

Exploring the Political Thought of “Combining Confucianism with Faism” in the Western Han Dynasty

高祖刘邦立国,惩秦之弊,征询儒士治国,以太牢之礼隆重祭祀孔庙,都凸显了西汉初年在政治制度上的调整。自惠帝,高后、文景之世,在政治上执行的都是黄老无为之治。汉武帝接受了董仲舒的建议,罢黜百家,独尊儒术,逐步确立了一套"霸王道杂之"的政治制度,其思想核心之一,就是"刑者,德之辅",儒法并用,德主刑辅。德以扬善,刑以惩恶,以德治为主,辅之以刑罚。为此后两千多年历代封建王朝奠定了基本的政治统治模式。

When LIU Bang,emperor of the Han Dynasty,founded his kingdom,he redressed the wrongs of the Qin Dynasty,consulted Confucian scholars on how to govern the country and sacrificed Tailao(the most sumptuous sacrifice in ancient China)to the Confucian temple.All these events highlighted the adjustment in politics in the early Western Han Dynasty.Since the reign of Emperor HUI,GAO Hou and WEN Jing,HUANF Lao’s“Wuwei”political policy had been adopted.Emperor Wudi accepted DONG Zhongshu’s suggestion to abolish“different schools of thinking and espouse Confucianism as the orthodox state ideology”and estab?lished gradually a set of political system of“combing Confucianism with Faism”.The core of this system was that“virtue dominates while penalty subordinates”.It advocated the juxtaposition of Confucianism and Faism.Virtue was adopted to reward the right while penalty to punish the wrong.This system set up a basic political pattern for the feudal dynasties that lasted for over two thousand years thereafter.