20世纪三四十年代历史书写中的康有为--以陈恭禄、蒋廷黻、范文澜为中心

Kang Youwei in Historical Writings in the 1930s and 1940s

现代化叙事和革命叙事是20世纪中国近代史书写中的两种代表性范式。到三四十年代,学界的中国近代史书写范式日渐形成,出现陈恭禄、蒋廷黻、范文澜等著名近代史学者。由于政治立场、分析方法、理想追求及所处环境等不同,他们书写的近代史有很大差异,对近代历史人物的评判也褒贬不一。即使同为现代化叙事的陈恭禄与蒋廷黻的近代史书写之间亦有差异存在。康有为作为晚清时期的重要人物之一,是书写晚清史不可或缺的人物,其形象和对他的评价自20世纪初已出现,或褒或贬,历经演变。本文通过三四十年代三位重要史家的康有为书写,一面深化对康有为的认识,另一面通过历史书写的差异加深对史学特点的认识。

The modern narrative and the revolutionary narrative are the two representative writing paradigms of modern Chinese history in the 20th century.The writing paradigm of Chinese modern history was not formed until the 1930s and 1940s when there appeared a group of famous scholars in the modern history,such as Chen Gonglu,Jiang Tingfu,Fan Wenlan,etc.Due to their different political standpoints,analytical approaches,ideal pursuit and environment,the modern history written by them varied with different judgements of modern historical figures accordingly.Even though there were many similarities of modern history writings between Chen Gonglu and Jiang Tingfu,differences did exist.As one of the important figures in the late Qing Dynasty,Kang Youwei was an indispensable figure in the history writing of the late Qing Dynasty.It is true that a variety of comments,either positive or negative,befell upon him at the beginning of the 20th century and went through their evolution.This paper aims to deepen the understanding of Kang Youwei as well as the characteristics of historiography through the writings of Kang Youwei from three important historians in the 1930s and 1940s.