社会解组理论脉络与当代中国社会建设

The Context of Social Disorganization Theory and China's Contemporary Social Construction

社会解组理论发轫于20世纪20年代,经历了"城市生态学""犯罪生态学""集体控制论""集体效能理论"等阶段。尽管社会解组理论家众多,但有三点共识:一个健康的社会是结构有序,各组成部分之间的关系是协调的,而一个解组的社会则相反;社会解组大致有三种形式,一是无规范,二是文化冲突,三是价值崩溃;社会解组根本原因是社会变迁。反思社会解组理论,对当前我国社区建设的方向、定位等仍有借鉴意义。

The theory of Social Disorganization(SD)began in the 1920s and experienced stages such as urban ecology,criminal ecology,collective cybernetics and collective efficiency theory.Although there are many schools of SD theory,yet namely with three consensus points,such as a healthy society is structurally ordered,the relationship between various components is coordinated,and a society with social disorganization is the opposite.There are roughly three forms of SD:one is non-standard,the other is cultural conflict,and the third is the collapse of values.The fundamental cause of social disorganization is social change.The theory of SD still has significant referential meaning for the direction and orientation of community construction in China.