四川藏区城镇空间形态对风的适应性考量——以茂县凤仪镇为例

A DISCUSSION ON ADAPTABILITY OF URBAN SPATIAL FORM TO WIND INTIBETAN AREAS IN SICHUAN——A CASE STUDY OF FENGYI TOWN,MAO COUNTY

在低温环境下,高风速会加剧人体的冷感受,带来热舒适的负面影响。四川藏区地处高原,高海拔与复杂地形带来的低温天气是限制居民热舒适的首要因素。在藏地居民长久的实践与适应中,传统城镇空间形态蕴含了诸多对抗低温、强风的低技术策略。随着城市化进程的加快,藏区新城建设多脱离气候实际,套用平原模式,片面追求秩序感,多采用高技术手段解决城镇低温问题,加剧了城镇发展负担与能耗。本文通过对四川藏区凤仪镇传统城区及新城区空间形态模式的总结,并选取两个典型片区利用气候模拟软件ENVI-met进行实证模拟,探寻不同建设模式对风的适应性情况与低技术策略,为四川藏区城镇建设与更新提供建议,减轻城镇能耗,解决城镇发展现实困境。

At low temperatures,high wind speeds can aggravate human bodies'cold sensations and bring about negative effects of thermal comfort.As the Tibetan areas in Sichuan is located on the plateau,low temperature weather caused by high altitude and complex terrain is the primary factor limiting the thermal comfort of residents.In the long-term practice and adaptation of residents in Tibetan areas,the traditional urban spatial form embodies many low-tech strategies to fight against low temperatures and strong winds.With the acceleration of urbanization,the construction of most of new cities and towns in Tibetan areas is divorced from the climate reality by applying models used in plain areas mechanically,unilaterally pursuing a sense of order and adoptinghigh-tech means to solve the problem of low temperature in cities and towns mostly,which aggravates the burden and energy consumption in urban development.By summing up the spatial forms of the traditional urban areas and the new urban areas in Tibetan areas in Fengyi town,Sichuan Province and selecting two typical areas for empirical simulation by the climate simulation software ENVI-met,this paper explores the adaptability of different construction modes to the wind and low-tech strategies and provides suggestions for the development and renovation of cities and towns in the Tibetan areas in Sichuan to reduce urban energy consumption and solve the practical difficulties in urban development.