从对外汉语教学的视角看《现代汉语词典》编纂中的释义问题

Understanding the Problem of Defining Words in Modern Chinese Dictionary from the Perspective of“Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language”

本文从对外汉语教学的视角分析了《现代汉语词典》编纂中在释义方面存在的一些问题,包括释义不准确、释义的思路和方法有待改进、释义时忽视对词语用法的展示与说明等,提出在释词时应多采用以下方法:第一,在分析构词语素的意义并探求其构词理据的基础上释义。第二,在此基础上,逐步采用描写性的释义法代替近义词释义法。

This article analyses common problems of defining words in Modern Chinese Dictionary from the perspective of“Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language”.Common problems include the inaccuracy of word definitions,the need for an improved system and methodology for the definition of words,the lack of clear and logical examples and explanations of these.This article proposes the following ways for an accurate definition of words:firstly,defining words based on analysing the meaning of different morphemes and seeking for a theory of word definition based on word formation;secondly,on this basis,to gradually adopt a descriptive definition of words instead of using a definition based on homonyms.