可控核聚变科学技术前沿问题和进展

Frontier Issues and Progress of Controlled Nuclear Fusion Science and Technology

可控核聚变能源是未来理想的清洁能源。国际磁约束聚变界近期研究的焦点是国际热核聚变实验堆(ITER)项目。本文介绍了ITER计划的科学目标和工程技术目标中的前沿问题,提出了我国磁约束聚变近期、中期和远期技术目标,制定了中国磁约束聚变发展路线图。在惯性约束聚变(ICF)领域,Z箍缩作为能源更具潜力。美国Sandia国家实验室Z/ZR装置的实验进展显著。我国在Z箍缩辐射源物理和驱动ICF技术路线,尤其是在驱动器与Z箍缩负载能量耦合物理方面开展了大量基础研究。笔者建议我国继续执行ITER国际合作计划,全面掌握聚变实验堆技术;积极推进中国聚变工程试验堆(CFETR)主机关键部件研发、适时启动CFETR项目的全面建设;支持新一代大电流脉冲功率实验平台建设,尽快实现Z箍缩聚变点火,探索Z箍缩驱动惯性约束聚变裂变混合堆。

Controlled nuclear fusion energy will be an ideal clean energy in the future.The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor(ITER)project is the focus of research conducted by the international magnetic confinement fusion field.Frontier issues in scientific and engineering targets of the ITER project are introduced in this paper.Short-term,mid-term and long-term technical goals of magnetic confinement fusion research in China are proposed,and a roadmap of magnetic confinement fusion research in China is drafted.In the field of inertial confinement fusion(ICF),Z-pinch has potentials to be a future energy source.Remarkable progresses have been made from experiments of Sandia laboratory’s Z/ZR machine.In China,a large number of basic researches have been carried out on the physics of Z-pinch radiation source,the driving ICF technology,and especially the energy coupling physics of the driver and the Z-pinch load.It is suggested that China should continue pushing international collaboration on the ITER project,study advanced science and technology on nuclear fusion reactors,actively promote R&D of key components of the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor(CFETR),and start the CFETR construction at the right time.It is also suggested that China should support the construction of a new-generation high-current pulse power test platform,so as to promote Z-pinch fusion ignition and explore a Z-pinch driven fusion and fission hybrid reactor.