小说里的戏剧:科尔代斯戏剧叙事性研究

Drama in the Novel: The Narrativity in Koltès's Plays

法国当代作家科尔代斯的戏剧作品在戏剧与叙事融合的探索中独树一帜,呈现出叙事性因素逐渐入侵并最终包裹戏剧的现象:在他早期的戏剧中存在一个超越于其他人物之上的人物作为观察者,人物关系呈现主客分离的局面;在后来的剧作中,他引入了叙述者,这个叙述者先是只引用人物话语,没有自己的个性化语言,后来逐渐发出了自己的声音,如同小说叙述者一样讲述人物经历和事件的来龙去脉。通过戏剧与叙事结合,科尔代斯没有像布莱希特那样实现观众与剧情的间离,而是强化了虚构世界的逼真性,甚至打破了戏剧的自足性,把戏剧包裹在另一个更加开阔的虚构世界中,也即一部小说中。

The contemporary French writer Koltès is unique in the exploration of the combination of drama and narration,with narrative elements gradually permeating drama and finally wrapping drama.In his early plays,there is a super-character who is an observer of the other characters,and the relationship of characters presents the separation of subject and object.In his later plays,he introduced a narrator,who first only quoted other characters’words without his own personalized words,and then gradually made his own voice,telling the story of the characters’experiences and events like the narrator in the novel.Through the combination of drama and narration,Koltès doesn’t create any distancing effect like Brecht dose in his epic theatre.Instead,Koltès strengthens the vraisemblance of the fictional world,or even breaks the autonomy of the drama by wrapping it in a more open fictional world,namely,in a novel.