美国新生大国转型期的国际话语权建构

The U.S. Building of International Discursive Power in Its Transitional Period as a New-Born Power

美国从大西洋沿岸的一块英属殖民地到地区强国再到世界强国直至超级大国的发展轨迹,是一段耐人寻味的大国成长史。这段历史不仅是美国经济和综合国力快速崛起的过程,也是其国际话语权不断增强的历程。作者从美国新生大国转型期的历史入手,通过建立一个关于国家实力、国家身份与国际话语权的分析框架,探讨了美国在新生大国转型期的国际话语权建构。从1865年内战结束到1945年第二次世界大战结束,在历时80个春秋的历史长度中,美国从政策议程设置、学术议程设置和媒介议程设置三个方面,历经国际话语权的准备、萌发、初创及制度化四个阶段,主动且有意识地塑造了自身的话语霸权。纵观这一历史过程,国家实力与国际话语权紧密相连,但国家实力并不必然带来国际话语权;相反,国际话语权更多是在国家实力基础上的自主建构。

The United States developed from a colony of the Great Britain along the coast of the Atlantic to a regional power,then to a global power,and at last to an international superpower.The history of its ascension is thought-provoking.It involves not only a rapid rise of both domestic economy and comprehensive national strength,but also a continuous increase of international discursive power.Examining the transitional period of the U.S.as a new-born power,this paper establishes an analytical frame that incorporates the elements of national strength,national identity and international discursive power.By tracing the construction process of international discursive power by the new-born state in the particular period,this paper sheds light on the current development of China.In a period of 80 years from 1865 to 1945,the United States consciously and actively constructed its discursive hegemony from three aspects and in four phases.The three aspects were policy agenda,academic agenda and media agenda;the four phases were the preparation,sprouting,initiative establishment and institutionalization of a strong international discursive power.Throughout this historical process,national strength closely accompanied international discursive power.However,national strength did not necessarily result in the increase of international discursive power;on the contrary,international discursive power was established consciously on the basis of its national strength.