基于反馈迭代和独立分量分析的多次波压制技术研究

The Method of Multiple Attenuation Based on Feedback Iteration and Independent Component Analysis

随着海洋油气勘探的不断深入和勘探目标的日趋复杂化,如何有效的解决多次波的压制问题是目前海洋地震资料处理中的重点和难点。常规的多次波压制技术是基于输出信号能量最小准则进行匹配压制的,这一准则是基于二阶统计量实现的,不能很好的处理有效波和多次波非正交情况下的多次波压制。针对上述问题,本文将基于波动方程的反馈迭代方法与基于高阶统计量的独立分量分析法(ICA)结合起来实现自由表面多次波的压制。首先基于反馈迭代技术实现自由表面多次波的预测,然后基于高阶统计量的快速固定点寻优独立分量分析算法实现多次波和有效波的有效匹配,最终实现多次波的有效压制。资料试算结果表明,本文方法在处理非正交情况下多次波压制时,既能有效的保持有效波的能量,还能实现对于多次波,特别是中、深层多次波的良好压制。

With the development of marine oil and gas exploration and the increasingly complex exploration targets,how to solve the problem of multiple wave suppression is the key and difficult problem in seismic data processing.Multiple suppression technology is the routine matching subtraction criteria based on the minimum output energy of the signal,this criterion is based on two order statistics to achieve the multiple suppression of the effective wave is not very good and many non orthogonal circumstances,and the actual seismic data basically does not meet the primaries and multiples are orthogonal.In order to solve the above problems,the authors combines the feedback iteration method based on the wave equation and the independent component analysis(ICA)based on high order statistics to suppress the multiple waves.Firstly,based on the feedback iteration method,the free surface multiples are predicted.Then,the fast fixed-point optimization ICA method based on higher-order statistics is used to achieve the effective matching of multiples and effective waves.Finally,effective suppression of multiples is ochieved.In this method,the maximum non-Gauss criterion of output signal is used,and the non-Gauss's property is characterized by higher order statistics.The numerical results show that this method is effective for the effective wave and multiple wave and multiple wave can be orthogonal and deep the suppression.