两种典型农村生活垃圾处理处置模式的生命周期评价

The Comparative Life Cycle Assessment Study of Two Typical Disposal Modes of Rural Living Waste

为评价国内现有农村生活垃圾处理处置模式的环境影响并为其改进和发展提供决策依据,以山东农村地区两种典型的生活垃圾处理处置模式——集中转运处置模式(模式1)和分类就地处理模式(模式2)为评价对象,从垃圾收集运输到最终处理处置进行生命周期评价。结果表明,模式2的环境影响总负荷较模式1降低36.55%,其中最终处理处置环节影响最大,运输过程影响小。对模式1的改进建议是,增加填埋场排放的CH_4的回收利用,减少对全球变暖的影响。对模式2的改进建议是收集堆肥渗滤液及控制H_2S等恶臭气体的释放,减少富营养化影响和恶臭气体对周围居民人体健康影响。

For evaluating the environment impact of domestic existing disposal modes of rural living waste and offering the decision-making basis for the improvement and development of them,this study compares two typical domestic centralized waste treatment modes in the rural areas in the eastern part of the Shandong-unified collecting,transporting and landfill(Mode 1),and a combining mode of classification in situ and centralized treatment(Mode 2)to assess.The life cycle of the waste is divided into parts of collection,transportation,compression and final disposal and treatment,whose life cycle assessment of environmental emission is carried on in the study.Results show that through classification in situ compost processing,environmental impact load of Mode 2 can be 36.55%lower than Mode 1,and the greatest effect exists in the final disposal and treatment unit,but the waste transportation accounts for a small proportion of the overall environmental pollution.The advice for Mode 1 is to recycle the landfill methane and carbon dioxide emissions,to reduce global warming potential is the key to ease the environmental load,and the advice for Mode 2 is to collect the composting leachate and control the orders emissions,to decrease the impact of eutrophication and the affect of people’s health nearby.