一幅15世纪的药师如来唐卡:反思西藏西部壁画中药师佛体系的历史重要性(英文)

A 15th Century Thangka of Bhai.ajyaguru:Reflections on the Historical Significance of the Medicine Buddha Cycles in Murals Paintings of Western Tibet

这幅药师如来曼荼罗唐卡中描绘有早期格鲁派传承,在此基础上,本研究考察了14世纪西藏西部药师如来信仰实践的出现,及约1430年前后格鲁派在古格王国势力扩张期间该信仰的重要性延续。通过对14;世纪科迦寺壁画、帕尔石窟壁画与稍晚期札达古格故城的壁画的对比,本文着重分析了属于药师佛礼拜体系的壁画与唐卡便携式艺术绘画中的构图,以及西藏西部的艺术风格的发展,同时体现出受到了纽瓦尔风格及喀什米尔风格的影响。在古格红殿约1470-1480;年期间壁画中可以看到对这两种独特风格的优雅的融合。

The representation of the full maadala of Bhaisajyaguru on a thangka including portraits of early Dge lugs pa hierarchs forms the basis of this research which investigates the emergence of the practice of the cult of Bhaisajyaguru in Western Tibet during the 14th century and its continued importance during the period of Dge lugs pa expansion in the Guge kingdom as of ca.1430.By study of the 14th century representations in mural paintings in the Khojarnath monastery as well as the cave paintings of Par in comparison with the later mural representations at Tsaparang,the focus is the composition of the mural and portable representations of the liturgical cycles of the Buddha of Medicine and the aesthetic development in Western Tibet reflecting Newar influences as well as the Kashmiri aesthetic grammar.The elegant fusion of these two distinct aesthetic tendencies may be seen in the present ma??ala of Bhai?ajyaguru and in the c.1470-1480 murals of the Red Temple at Tsaparang.