不同肥料运筹对莴笋产量和品质的影响

Effect of Fertilization at Different Growth Stages on Yield and Quality of Lettuce

我们通过田间小区试验研究了肥料运筹技术对莴笋产量和营养品质的影响。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,分期施肥使莴笋产量提高2.2%~12.3%,以分期施氮磷钾2增幅最大。分期施肥使莴笋叶的维生素C、可溶性糖、氨基酸含量降低,降幅分别为5.1%~26.8%、4.8%~49.5%和6.0%~24.3%,使硝酸盐含量升高5.6%~34.5%;分期施肥使莴笋茎的维生素C含量降低10.2%~26.9%。分期施氮钾使可溶性糖含量增加6.3%和使氨基酸含量增加2.9%,其余处理均降低。分期施氮钾和分期施氮磷钾1使莴笋叶全氮含量提高1.9%和2.0%,其余处理均降低。除分期施氮钾外,其余处理均使全磷含量降低2.2%~64.4%,氮磷钾3降幅最大。分期施肥均使全钾含量提高,分期施氮磷钾2增幅最大。而除分期施氮磷钾2、3外,其余处理均提高莴笋茎全氮含量;除分期施氮钾外,其余均提高全磷含量;而所有处理均使全钾含量提高。

Field experiments were set up to study effects of fertilization at different growth stages on yields and quality of lettuce.Results indicated that lettuce yields were increased by 2.2%-12.3%,compared to the conventional fertilization,and the NPK 2 treatment produced the highest one.The contents of vitamin C,soluble sugar and amino acids of the lettuce leaf were decreased by 5.1%-26.8%,4.8%-49.5%and 6.0%-4.3%,and nitrate content was increased by 5.6%-34.5%.Content of vitamin C of lettuce stem were decreased by 0.2%-26.9%.The content of soluble sugar was increased by 6.3%and amino acid content increased by 2.9%in the NK treatment,and reduced in the other treatments.The total nitrogen content was increased by 1.9%and 2.0%in the NK and NPK 1 treatments,and reduced the rest treatments.Except the NK,total phosphorus content of all the other treatments were reduced by 2.2%-64.4%,the most decrease was in the NPK 3 treatment.Splitting fertilization could improve total potassium content of lettuce and the maximum was in the NPK 2 treatment.Total nitrogen content of lettuce stem was increased by the other treatments except the NPK 2 and NPK 3.Total phosphorus content was improved besides the NK.And total potassium content was increased by all the treatments.