基于滴灌条件下的甘蔗减量施肥技术研究

Reduced Fertilization for Sugarcane Based on Drip Irrigation

我们的研究基于滴灌条件下的甘蔗减量施肥技术对甘蔗养分吸收及产量质量的影响。试验设有甘蔗基于滴灌条件下的甘蔗减量施肥田间试验设3个处理,即CK无灌溉区的常规施肥(土层施肥)、滴灌区的土层施肥和滴灌区的减量施肥(土层施肥+滴灌管施肥)。不同处理甘蔗不同生长阶段吸收养分量差异明显。滴灌区土层施肥+滴灌管施肥处理甘蔗产量183855kg/ha,滴灌区土层施肥处理甘蔗产量134460kg/ha,无灌溉区甘蔗产量112980kg/ha;滴灌区土层施肥+滴灌管施肥处理甘蔗产量较滴灌区土层施肥处理增产49395kg/ha,增产36.74%;较无灌溉区增产70875kg/ha,增产62.73%;滴灌区土层施肥处理甘蔗产量较无灌溉区21480kg/ha,增产19.01%。滴灌区土层施肥+滴灌管施肥处理蔗糖分16.77%较滴灌区土层施肥和无灌溉区分别增产0.63%和1.16%(绝对值);蔗汁锤度和重力纯度也有所增加。采用滴灌减量施肥滴灌区土层施肥+滴灌管施肥处理,甘蔗苗期、分蘖期、伸长期和成熟期吸收N、P和K量明显增加,甘蔗吸收N、P和K吸收强度也明显加强,比无灌溉区增加16g/ha·d^129g/ha·d。采用滴灌减量施肥滴灌区土层施肥+滴灌管施肥处理每公顷甘蔗生产值91927.5元,扣除肥料、水及设备投入后,较滴灌区土层施肥和无灌溉区分别每公顷纯增效益22900.5元和24697.5元。

This experiment was conducted to investigate reduced fertilization for sugarcane based on drip irrigation.The experiment consisted of three treatments,the conventional fertilization(CK),soil fertilization plus drip irrigation,and soil fertilization plus drip fertigation with four replications.The different treatments remarkably affected nutrient uptake by sugarcane in different growth periods and the final cane yields.The cane yields were in a sequence of 183855 kg/ha for the soil fertilization plus drip fertigation treatment,134460 kg/ha for the soil fertilization plus drip irrigation treatment and 112980 kg/ha for the CK treatment.Compared to the CK treatment,the soil fertilization plus drip fertigation treatment significantly increased cane yield by 70875 kg/ha(62.73%)and sugar content by 0.63%and the soil fertilization plus drip irrigation treatment significantly increased cane yield by 21480 kg/ha(19.01%)and sugar content by 1.16%.The soil fertilization plus drip fertigation treatment considerably enhanced nutrient absorption quantity of N,P and K at different growth stages,about 16~129 g/ha·d higher than the CK treatment.The soil fertilization plus drip fertigation treatment generated a gross income of 91927.50 yuan/ha and a net income of 24697.50 yuan/ha,22,900.50 yuan/ha more than the soil fertilization plus drip irrigation and 24,697.5 yuan/ha more than the CK treatment.