木薯对氮、磷、钾、镁、锌、硼的吸收特性及施肥效应

FertilizerImpact and Nutrient Absorption Characteristics of Nitrogen,Phosphorus,Potassium,Magnesium,Zinc and Boron on Cassava

研究氮、磷、钾、镁、锌、硼肥对木薯养分吸收及生长的影响。采用田间试验,设最佳施肥处理OPT(N+P+K+Mg+Zn+B),减氮OPT-N,减磷OPT-P,减钾OPT-K,减镁OPT-Mg,减锌OPT-Zn、减硼OPT-B6个施肥处理和1个不施肥处理,测定各处理木薯产量以及块根、茎、叶养分吸收量和养分吸收强度。增施氮、磷、钾、镁肥分别提高木薯产量38.01%、13.09%、23.14%、8.99%。增施1kgN、P2O5、K2O、MgO分别增加木薯产量101kg、54kg、22kg、49kg。氮肥、磷肥、钾肥和镁肥的利用率分别为34.14%、41.51%、36.77%和24.15%。OPT处理产值最高(13217元/ha)。木薯中的N、Ca、Mg、Zn、B含量是叶片>茎>块根,而P、K则是茎>叶片>块根。施肥均可提高木薯的养分吸收量,但钾、锌、硼肥会抑制镁的吸收。不同施肥条件对木薯产量有显著的影响。

This experiment studied fertilizer impact and nutrient absorption characteristics of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,magnesium,zinc and boron on growth of cassava.There were eight treatments including the optimal treatment(OPT)(NPK+Mg+Zn+B),six treatments with one nutrient omitted based on OPT,i.e.,OPT-N,OPT-P,OPT-K,OPT-Mg,OPT-Zn and OPT-B and a CK treatment.Results showed that addition of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K)and magnesium(Mg)fertilizers increased cassava yield by 38.01%,13.9%,23.14%,8.99%and achieved agronomic efficiency of 101 kg cassava/kg N,54.0 kg cassava/kg P 2 O 5,22 kg cassava/kg K 2 O and 49 kg cassava/kg MgO,respectively.The fertilizer use efficiency was 34.14%for N,41.51%for P,36.77%for K and 24.15%for Mg.The OPT treatment produced the highest economic returns(13217 yuan/ha).The contents of N,Ca,Mg,Zn and B in the cassava plant were in an order of leaf>stem>tuber,while P and K was stem>leaf>tuber.Fertilization could enhance nutrient uptake by cassava,but addition of K,Zn and B could inhibit uptake of Mg by cassava.Different fertilizer treatments had significant impact on cassava yield.