平衡施肥对山区食用马铃薯产量和品质的影响

Effect of Balanced Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Potato in Hilly Area

我们选取低山区酸性土壤开展马铃薯最佳养分试验。在土壤有效磷丰富,有效氮和速效钾缺乏的条件下,以3750kg/ha为目标产量,N150kg/ha、P2O575kg/ha和K2O150kg/ha为最佳施肥处理(OPT),研究氮磷钾肥对马铃薯产量和品质的影响。结果表明,试验条件下,获得了28815kg/ha^39155kg/ha的产量,达到当地较高的产量水平。在OPT基础上增加或减少肥料用量,产量下降。表明试验设计的最佳施肥量是合适的。进一步分析表明,即使在土壤有效磷含量较高的条件下施用磷肥依然具有增产作用;磷肥主要是通过增加单株结薯数实现增产,而钾肥则主要通过提高单株薯块重量实现增产;OPT处理与不施磷肥相比较,蛋白质提高0.25个百分点~0.4个百分点,与不施钾肥相比较,淀粉提高1.3个百分点~1.96个百分点,从而提高了马铃薯的营养品质,改善了口感。

A field experiment was conducted to determine the optimum fertilizer rates for potato grown in acid soils adequate in available P but deficient in available N and K in hilly area and the effect of different rates of phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)fertilizers on yield and quality of potato.The OPT was designed as 150-75-150 kg N-P 2 O 5-K 2 O/ha at a yield target of 3750 kg/ha.Results showed the OPT treatment obtained potato yields of 28815-39155 kg/ha.As the fertilizer rates were above or below the OPT rate,the potato yield decreased,suggesting that the designed OPT was appropriate for potato production in the area.Further analysis indicated that in spite of high soil available P addition of P fertilizer could further increase yield through increased tuber numbers.Different from P,K application attributed potato yield increase mainly resulted from larger tubers.The OPT treatment increased protein content by 0.25-0.4%compared to the omitting P treatment and starch content by 1.3-1.96%compared to the omitting K treatment,resulting in better nutritional quality and taste of potato as well.