果园生草及灌水对油橄榄果实产量及品质的影响

Effects of Sod-culture and Supplementary Irrigation on Fruit Yield and Quality of Olives

在白龙江干热河谷地带的武都大堡油橄榄园设置3个生草类型(毛苕子、自然生草和清耕)和2个水分(补灌和不补灌)交互的6个处理,研究果园生草及补灌对油橄榄产量及品质指标的影响,旨在为揭示生草增产提质的机制提供依据。结果表明,生草与灌水处理对油橄榄单株产量、果实游离脂肪酸质量分数、总多酚质量分数、果肉生长的交互效应达极显著水平,对果实干基含油率、单果质量的交互效应达显著水平;在不补灌条件下,间作毛苕子处理较清耕增加油橄榄单株产量8.79%,且该处理下果实横径、纵径和果实体积均显著高于自然生草;此外,生草处理较清耕提高油橄榄果实含油率。在补灌条件下,间作毛苕子和自然生草均较清耕提高单株产量,增幅分别为10.56%和5.79%;自然生草条件能显著提高果实横径、纵径、果实体积和单果质量,自然生草处理果实游离脂肪酸、总多酚、还原糖质量分数显著高于间作毛苕子处理,间作毛苕子处理的果实横径、纵径和体积均显著高于清耕。在不补灌和补灌条件下,间作毛苕子的油橄榄果实单果质量均显著高于自然生草和清耕。根据果实品质综合指数的大小,不同生草及灌水处理油橄榄果实品质高低的顺序为间作毛苕子+补灌>自然生草+补灌>间作毛苕子+不补灌>自然生草+不补灌>清耕+补灌>清耕+不补灌。综上所述,在补灌条件下,间作毛苕子有助于提高油橄榄果实品质。

In this study,six treatments were designed with three sod-culture levels(intercropping of hairy vetch,naturally grown grass and clean tillage)and two irrigation levels(supplementary irrigation and no supplementary irrigation)in the olive orchard in dry-hot valley of Bailongjiang River.The effects of sod-culture and supplementary irrigation on the yield and fruit quality indexes were studied in olive orchard,aims to provide some basis for revealing the mechanism of sod-culture on the yield increase and quality improvement.The results showed that the interaction effects of sod-culture and supplementary irrigation treatments on yield per plant,free fatty acid content,total polyphenol content and fruit flesh growth were extremely significant,and the interaction effects on oil content of the fruit and fruit mass were significant.Under the condition of no irrigation,the yield per plant were 8.79%higher in intercropping of hairy vetch than that of clean tillage,the diameter,vertical diameter and fruit volume of olive fruits with intercropping hairy vetch were significantly higher than those of naturally grown grass,in addition,the sod-culture increased the oil content of the fruit,compared with the clean tillage.Under the condition of supplementary irrigation,the intercropping of hairy vetch and naturally grown grass improved the yield per plant by 10.56%and 5.79%,respectively,compared with the clean tillage;naturally grown grass treatment could significantly increase the fruit diameter,vertical diameter,fruit volume and fruit mass,compared with the intercropping of hairy vetch,the treatment of naturally grown grass improved the contents of free fatty acids,total polyphenols,and reducing sugar significantly,the fruit diameter,length and volume of intercropping intercropping hairy vetch were significantly higher than those of clean tillage.Under both the conditions of no irrigation and supplementary irrigation,the fruit weight under the intercropped hairy vetch was significantly higher than the treatments of naturally grown grass and clean tillage.According to the overall index of the fruit quality,olive fruit quality under different treaments order could be ordered by:intercropping hairy vetch+supplementary irrigation>naturally grown grass+supplem-entary irrigation>intercropping hairy vetch+non-supplementary irrigation>naturally grown grass+non-supplementary irrigation>clean tillage+supplementary irrigation>clean tillage+non-supplementary irrigation.In summary,under the condition of supplementary irrigation,the intercropping of hairy vetch increased the olive fruit quality.