水氮供应对温室辣椒生长、产量和品质的影响

Effects of Different Water and Nitrogen Supply on Growth,Yield and Quality of Pepper in Greenhouse

研究不同水氮供应对温室辣椒生长、产量和品质的影响,以期探索提高温室辣椒高效生产的水氮管理模式。利用温室小区灌溉试验,以‘陇椒2号’为供试品种,设置3个灌水水平:低水W60(60%ETc)、中水W75(75%ETc)和高水W90(90%ETc),全生育期灌水量分别为132、156和180 mm;3个施氮水平:低氮N150(150kg·hm^(-2))、中氮N225(225kg·hm^(-2))和高氮N300(300kg·hm^(-2)),共9个处理。在生育期内对辣椒的各生长指标进行观测,并统计产量、产量构成及测定品质等指标。结果表明:灌水量、施氮量及水氮交互作用对温室辣椒生长指标、干物质积累、水氮利用效率、产量及品质都有显著影响;辣椒产量以W75N225处理最高,为52.87t·hm^(-2),较其他处理增产4.31%~88.63%,且水分利用效率(WUE)提高11.74%~59.91%;辣椒干物质积累量以W90N300处理最高,为6 986.57kg·hm^(-2),与W75N225处理差异不显著;果实的干物质积累量以W75N225处理最高,为4 221.58kg·hm^(-2),较其他处理增加7.35%~109.38%;施氮量对辣椒株高影响显著,W90处理下N300和N225处理与N150处理相比,株高增幅分别为16.09%和10.57%,但茎粗之间无显著差异。W75N225处理辣椒果实品质较高,与其他处理相比,维生素C、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖质量分数分别增加3.95%~12.88%、-3.09%~14.12%和-0.66%~15.33%,硝酸盐质量分数较W75N300处理降低24.49%。综合分析产量、品质及水氮利用效率可知,W75N225处理为关中地区温室辣椒最适的水氮组合。

In order to explore the high-efficiency management mode of water and nitrogen application,the experiment was conducted to study the effects of different water and nitrogen supply on growth,yield and quality of pepper greenhouse.By greenhouse plot experiment,‘Longjiao 2’was chosen as the test cultivar.Three irrigation treatments,including W60(60%ETc),W75(75%ETc)and W90(90%ETc),were designed,the irrigation amount of the whole growth period of pepper were 132,156 and 180 mm,respectively,and three nitrogen fertilization levels included N150(150 kg·hm-2),N225(225 kg·hm-2),N300(300 kg·hm-2).Growth indexes were measured during the growing season and yield,yield components and quality of greenhouse pepper were counted after the final harvest.The results showed that irrigation amount,nitrogen application and water and nitrogen interaction had significant effect on the growth index,dry matter accumulation,water use efficiency,yield and quality of pepper in greenhouse.The treatment of W75N225 had the highest yield and water use efficiency(52.87 t·hm-2 and 33.89 kg·m-3),compared with other treatments,increased by 4.31%-88.63%and 11.74%-59.91%respectively.The treatment of W90N300 had the maximum dry matter(6 986.57 kg·hm-2),there were no significant difference compared with W75N225.The highest dry matter accumulation of fruit(4 221.58 kg·hm-2)was treatment of W75N225,it increased by 7.35%-109.38%,compared with other treatments.The effects of nitrogen application on the plant height of the pepper was significant,and plant height of N300 treatment increased by 16.09%and 10.57%respectively compared with N150 treatment and N225 treatment under W90 treatment,but there was no significant difference in stem diameter.The quality of W75N225 treatment was better than other treatments.Compared with other treatments,the mass fraction of vitamin C,soluble protein and soluble sugar increased by 3.95%-12.88%,-3.09%-14.12%and-0.66%-15.33%,respectively,and nitrate mass fraction reduced by 24.49%compared with W75N300 treatment.Considering the yield,quality,WUE and PFPN,W75N225 treatment was the best water and nitrogen combination for greenhouse pepper in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi.