秸秆焚烧与农村环境危机:基于“代谢断裂”理论的思考

Straw Burning and Rural Environmental Crisis:Based on the Theory of “Metabolic Fracture”

近年来,面对越来越严重的空气污染,"秸秆禁烧"逐渐成为社会生活中的关键词。然而,秸秆焚烧屡禁不止。以"代谢断裂"理论为分析框架,秸秆焚烧既有它的社会原因,又有它的环境后果。一方面,农业的工业化、农民日常生活的商品化、城市化与农村劳动力人口外流等原因导致了秸秆的废弃与焚烧。另一方面,秸秆焚烧导致空气污染,加剧了城市居民对于雾霾的恐惧,这种环境事实和认知方式转变为塑造城乡社会格局的重要力量。从此,"代谢断裂"理论得以扩展:秸秆焚烧导致的空气污染超越了该理论传统上对于土壤肥力问题的关注,使得农村环境危机系统的表现为水、土、气的污染;农村资本化的生产和生活方式在导致环境后果的同时,又以该环境后果为媒介,重塑农村内部及城乡之间的社会关系,形成自然与社会之间的双向互动。

In recent years,“no straw burning"has become a key word in social life,as increasingly serious air pollution.But,straw burning is going on.Based on the theory of“metabolic fracture",straw burning has its social reasons and its environmental consequences.On the one hand,the industrialization of agriculture,the commercialization of farmers'daily life,urbanization and the outflow of rural labor force resulted in the waste and burning of straw.On the other hand,the burning of straw causes air pollution,which intensifies the urban residents’fear of haze.This environmental fact is transformed into an important force shaping the relationship between rural and urban.So,the theory of metabolic fracture is expanded,which means the attention of rural environmental crisis transferring from traditional soil fertility to modern system pollution of water,soil and air.In addition,capitalization of agricultural production and life-style leads to environmental consequences,which factors as medium,reshaping the relationship between rural and urban,and the interaction between nature and society.