“V+O 1+把O 1/O 2+V·C”结构中的“把”字句分析及对外汉语教学思考

Analysis of“把”Construction in Verb Copy Sentence and Its Application in TCSOL

“把”字句是汉语本体研究和对外汉语教学中最大的困局和难点之一,其中一个原因就是在教学中过于强调“把”字句的典型语义,即“处置”,而实际话语中的“把”字句有很大比例并不具有处置义。本文分析了“把”字句在“V+O1+把O1/O2+V·C”结构中的典型句法特点和语义特征。在这一结构中,“把”字句中动词和前动词具有拷贝关系。这一结构里的“把”字句的典型语义为“致使”而非“处置”,比同义句式“V+O1+V·C+O2”(动词拷贝式补语结构)和主谓谓语句具有更强的独立叙述性。梳理好这一结构中“把”字句的使用情况,并在对外汉语教学的各个环节加以体现是必要的,目前这个方面的不足也是教学界应该重视的。

One reason why“把”sentences always confuses the foreign students is that we overstressed the typical structural semantics:“dealing with”.In a lot of situations this structure indicates“Leading to”.The variation V+O 1+把O 1/O 2+V·C of“把”sentences this article studies is an example.In this pattern,“V+O 1”leading to a result as an entirety,and this pattern is much more independent than its synonymous sentences“V+O 1+V·C+O 2”.This pattern,as the other variations of“把”sentences should be given more attentions in language teaching.