极右翼政党对欧洲政治和移民政策的影响

The Impact of Extreme-right Parties on European Politics and Immigration Policies

近年来，在欧洲政坛上表现日益抢眼的极右翼政党①和政治势力引起了欧洲乃至国际社会的关注。这些政党在大部分欧洲国家政坛的兴起和活跃可追溯至20世纪80年代，尽管由于传统、环境和发展路径的差异而各有特点，这些极右翼政党大部分都具有反移民、支持本土民族主义和民粹主义等特色。这一支政治力量在近三十年的发展中，逐渐在民众中扩大影响，从激进和极端的边缘地位向中心移动，甚至在部分国家进入了主流政坛。本文通过重点关注这类政党最为突出的共同点，即反对外来移民的核心政治主张，分析其本质特征和观察其近年来在欧洲政坛的总体表现，并试图从大众心理、政党政治和政策制定三个方面分析和总结其对欧洲政治和移民政策造成的影响。

Since the 1980s,the resurgence of extreme-right parties in most European states has attracted much attention.After 30 years5 development,these parties are becoming increasingly influential;some even have made their ways to the main-stream national politics of certain states.This article tries to define the nature of the extreme-right parties,and observe their current statues in Europe national politics,and last but not least,analyze their impact on European politics and immigration policies from the aspects of mass psychology,party politics and policy influence.