当代中国煤矿业肺结核病的防治历程(1949-1992)

Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculosis in Contemporary China's Coal Mining Industry

新中国成立后,国家积极开展肺结核病防治工作。作为其中的一个重要组成部分,煤矿业肺结核病防治的演变历程具有相当的典型性。20世纪50年代初期,国家建立了劳保医疗制度,并将结核病防治的重心放在工矿企业,推动了煤矿业结核病防治机构的建设。"大跃进"初期,不少煤矿企业创办结核病防治所或者疗养院,但随后的经济衰退导致相关业务大幅收缩。"文革"初期的社会动荡和经济破坏也使得这项工作陷入停滞。改革开放以后,卫生工作实现了拨乱反正,国家要求加强肺结核病防治。通过完善防治体系并积极救治患者,煤矿业基本上控制了肺结核病疫情。这段历史表明,只有加强党的领导并提供必要的经费,才能促进医疗卫生事业的发展。

After the founding of PRC,the government actively prevented and treated pulmonary tuberculosis.As an important part of the work,the evolution process of pulmonary tuberculosis control in coal mining industry is quite typical.In the early 1950s,the government established the medical system of labor insurance,and put the focus on tuberculosis control in the industrial and mining enterprises,which promoted the construction of the tuberculosis control institution in the coal industry.In the early days of the Great Leap Forward,many coal mining enterprises founded tuberculosis dispensary or sanatorium,but the subsequent economic recession led to a sharp contraction of such institutions.Social upheaval and economic destruction at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution brought the work to a stop.After the reform and opening up,order was restored,and the government once again strengthened tuberculosis control.By improving the prevention system and actively treating patients,the coal industry was able to controll tuberculosis.This history shows that only by strengthening the leadership of the Party and providing the necessary funds can we promote the development of medical and health undertakings.