从《突厥语大词典》看11世纪突厥语族诸语言的基本特点

Basic Characteristics of the Turkic Languages in the 11th Century as Reflected from Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk

《突厥语大词典》完成于11世纪,是现存最早、规模最大的一部古代突厥语词典。它记录了突厥、土库曼、乌古斯、克普恰克、回鹘、处月、样磨、黠戛斯等部落的词语,展现出11世纪突厥语族诸语言之间的差别。本文拟根据该词典所提供的语言材料,对比突厥语族诸语言间的差别,总结11世纪突厥语族语言的基本特点。

Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk,completed in the 11th century,is the greatest extant dictionary of the Old Turkic languages.It records the words and expressions of such tribes as Turk,Turkman,Oguz,Qipcak,Uighur,Cigil,Yaghma,and Kirgiz,and unfolds the differences of the Turkic languages in the 11th century.Based on the materials of this dictionary,this article aims to compare the differences of the Turkic languages and reproduce the general features of the Turkic languages in the 11th century.