美国全面制裁伊朗对中国能源安全的影响与对策建议

The influence of the United States's comprehensive sanctions against Iran on China's energy security and the related countermeasures

美国自2018年5月宣布重启对伊朗全面制裁,伊朗再次成为国际社会关注的焦点。本文系统梳理了伊朗能源禀赋及开发利用现状,分析了伊朗对中国能源安全的保障程度及其优势,发现1997~2017年伊朗对中国石油安全的保障程度呈波动上升态势,对维护中国油气资源供给安全具有重要意义,认为中伊能源合作具有战略互补性、地缘政治优势、经济优势、历史文化基础和降低美元计价风险等优势。在上述基础上,本文从能源价格、供给渠道和运输安全三方面剖析了此次美国全面制裁伊朗对中国能源安全可能产生的影响,并从规避美国制裁风险和保障国家能源安全角度,提出了相关对策建议。

In May 2018,the United States has announced the resumption of comprehensive sanctions against Iran,and Iran once again became the focus of international attention.In this paper we systematically review the energy endowment of Iran and its status of the energy exploration and utilization.In addition,we analyze its advantages for China s energy security.We show that the guarantee level of Iran s oil for China s oil security has an increasing trend from 1997 to 2017,and Iran is of great significance to maintain China s gas resources supply security.China-Iran energy cooperation has strategic complementarity,geopolitical and economic advantage,historical and cultural foundation and the advantage of reducing dollar-denomination risk.On the basis of the above research,we dissect the influence of the comprehensive sanctions against Iran on China s energy security in terms of supply price,supply channel and transportation security.Finally,we proposed some countermeasures and suggestions to avoide the risk of U.S.sanction and safeguard national energy security.