利益相关者视域中的高等教育质量保障

Higher Education Quality Assurance from the Perspective of Stakeholders:Purpose,Comparison and Enlightenment

利益相关者参与决策是现代高等教育治理的重要原则和方法。在高等教育质量保障中,如何平衡不同利益相关方的利益需求是一项重要的挑战。本研究将高等教育质量保障的利益相关者分为高校行政人员、教师、政府代表、企业雇主、在校大学生和高中生六类,运用焦点小组访谈的方法,具体分析不同利益相关方对于高等教育质量保障目的的认识及在目标期望上的差异,结果发现:雇主强调基于质量标准的质量监控、满足劳动力市场需求和信息透明;大学校长强调质量评估对于高校发展的支持和建设性作用;教师/学术人员侧重质量保障对于高校发展的引导和教学的改进;政府代表注重质量保障对于高等教育发展的引导以及评估信息作为投资决策的参考;大学生关注质量保障对于教学过程的监控和教学目标的达成;高中生关注质量保障的信息透明功能。上述利益诉求既有观点上的冲突,也存上利益上的契合。因此,高校质量保障体系建设尚须内外协调,搭建利益相关者参与质量保障的顺畅通道和政策平台,高校管理者还应加强研究,提高质量保障工作的针对性和有效性。

Stakeholder engagement in decision-making has become an important norm and method for modern higher education governance;however,how to balance the interests and needs of different stakeholders is still an important challenge in quality assurance of higher education.In this study,the stakeholders of higher education quality assurance are divided into six categories:university administrators,teachers,government representatives,employers,college students and high school students.Focus group interviews are used to analyze the differences of different stakeholders'understanding and expectations of higher education quality assurance objectives.The results are as follows:Employers emphasize quality control should be based on quality standards,meet the needs of labor market,and keep information transparency;university presidents emphasize the support and constructive role of quality assessment in the development of colleges and universities;teachers/academicians think that the quality assurance should guide the development for teaching in universities;government representatives focus somewhat more on quality assurance as the guidance of quality assurance and as references for investment decisions;college students are concerned about the monitoring of teaching process and achievement of teaching objectives;high school students are concerned about the information transparency of quality assurance.By comparison,it is found out that the interests of different stakeholders appeal not only to conflict but also to agreement.Therefore,the construction of quality assurance system in universities should be coordinated internally and externally;a smooth channel and policy platform for stakeholders to participate in quality assurance should be established;university administrators should also strengthen research to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of quality assurance.