高等教育增值评价方法的比较与应用

Value-added Evaluation Methods in Higher Education

随着高等教育大众化步伐的加快,政府、学生及家长等利益相关者对于高校办学绩效的问责意识越来越强烈,高校不得不通过评估的方式呈现"成绩单"作为证据。奥斯汀的"教育增值"理念提出,大学的影响模式有:平等主义模式、精英主义模式和治疗模式。高等教育增值评价方法根据信息来源不同可以分为:直接增值估算法和间接增值估算法。按照测评学生是否为同一批可以分为:横向评价法和纵向评价法。测评的数据分析方法也不同。直接增值估算法和间接增值估算法各有优缺点,比较理想的处理方式是两种测评方法互相补充。对于同一组学生的测评,纵向评价法能够控制可能影响增值的输入变量,可以更好地解释增值。完善的方案是对进入大学和未进入大学的青年群体进行比较,准确地评估大学对于学生发展的作用。在中国,增值评价方法需要加强对直接增值估算法的测评工具的研究,还需要考虑周期性、质性研究法、公平等因素,从而更有效力、更真实地解释大学给学生带来的教育增值。

In the background that the sense of accountability from government,students,parents and other stakeholders for the performance of colleges and universities is more and more intense,the colleges and universities have to present their performances as evidence by assessment.Astin's"Value-added"theory points out that there are three impact modes of university:egalitarian model,elite model and remedial model.This paper introduces and compares the methods of value-added evaluation,including direct value-added estimation method and indirect value-added estimation method,horizontal evaluation method and vertical evaluation method,and two classical data analysis methods.The cyclical,qualitative research method,fair and other factors are also needed to be considered.The evaluation result can be more powerful and more realistic for the interpretation of the"value-added"education.