美国研究型大学教学助理制度的历史考察

A Historical Study of American Research University's Teaching Assistant System

美国研究型大学不仅拥有无可比拟的科研实力和学术声誉,还致力于构建卓越的教育教学体系,形成了比较完善的教学助理制度。美国研究型大学教学助理制度的发展主要包括四个关键的阶段:在萌芽期,研究生教育激发了教学助理制度的产生;在发展期,高等教育大众化推动了教学助理制度的飞速发展;在转折期,时代变迁与社会发展挑战教学助理制度;在成熟期,形成了多元类型、多边参与和多方共赢的教学助理制度。伴随着这一发展历程,美国研究型大学的教学助理制度日趋完善,教学助理的工作更加专业细致,教学助理的培训更加科学规范,教学助理的评价更加公正严格。

American Research University not only has the incomparable scientific research strength and academic reputation,but also is committed to constructing an outstanding educational and teaching system,which has formed a scientific and perfect teaching assistant system.Throughout the development process of American Research University's Teaching Assistant System,it mainly includes four key stages:graduate education inspired teaching assistant system to sprout gradually during the period of germination;higher education popularization promoted the rapid development of the teaching assistant system during the period of development;time variation and social development challenged teaching assistant system during the period of transition;teaching assistant system formed multiple types,multilateral participation and multi-win-win situation during the period of maturity.Along with the development process,American research rniversity's teaching assistant system is increasingly perfect;teaching assistant's work is more professional and meticulous;teaching assistant's training is more scientific and standardized;teaching assistant's evaluation is more fair and strict.