基于管理学和国际经济学视角的制造业企业全球采购研究

Research on Manufacturing Enterprises' Global Purchasing from the Perspective of Management and International Economics

制造业企业全球采购相关研究在西方管理学和国际经济学界非常活跃。其中,管理学界首先对此展开研究,主要涉足全球采购的概念、战略类型、发展阶段、整合与协调、利益和挑战以及对企业创新的影响;以安特拉斯(Antràs P)为代表的国际经济学界重点研究了全球采购的区位选择和组织形式决策机制。而国内学术界在全球采购专题研究方面略显不足,且国内外对以中国制造业企业作为采购企业的研究非常缺乏。中国制造业企业属于工业化的后起之秀,其控制全球价值链的方式与欧美企业存在差别,现有以欧美企业为研究对象的全球采购理论可能并不适合中国企业。如今,以海尔等为代表的中国制造业企业正在实施全球采购,"一带一路"倡议也为中国制造业企业全球采购带来了众多机遇,信息化和网络化亦对全球采购造成了深远影响。鉴于当前学术研究的不足和实践的需要,中国学术界亟需进行以中国制造业企业作为采购企业的全球采购研究。一要发掘中国企业与西方发达国家企业全球采购的差异;二要从中国在全球价值双环流中的枢纽位置着眼,在"一带一路"合作中审视全球采购的战略和模式;三要从微观视角入手研究中国领先制造业企业对全球采购的整合与协调;四要思考信息化和网络化给企业全球采购带来的新课题。

The research on global sourcing of manufacturing enterprises is very popular in the academic areas of management and international economics.Global sourcing attracted research enthusiasm firstly in the area of management involving many aspects such as the concept of global sourcing,the strategy and development stages of global sourcing,the integration and coordination of global sourcing,and the effects of global sourcing on enterprise’s competitiveness.In the area of international economics,taking P.Antràs as a representative,has focused the mechanisms of location selection and organization of global sourcing.However,the research in China in the name of global sourcing is still emerging.And the research taking Chinese manufacturing enterprise as the purchasing enterprise is scarce.Chinese manufacturing enterprises are still young in the process of industrialization.Their way to control the global value chain is different from those of American or European enterprises.Therefore,the current research mostly taking American or European enterprises as the purchasing enterprises may not be able to explain the mechanisms of Chinese enterprise’s global sourcing.In current time,taking Haier company as an example,more and more Chinese manufacturing enterprises are doing global sourcing.The Belt and Road Inovative provides a broad opportunity for Chinese enterprises’global sourcing.The coming age of information and internet also challenge the practice of global sourcing.Based on the research gap and the practice demand,Chinese scholars should speed up the research on Chinese manufacturing enterprises’global sourcing.Firstly,the difference of global sourcing mechanisms between Chinese and western manufacturing enterprises should be explored.Secondly,the strategy and patterns of China’s global sourcing should be inspected considering the position of China’s pivotal position in the double loop of the global value chain and with the background of the Belt and Road initiative.Thirdly,the global sourcing integration and coordination of those leading Chinese enterprises should be studied at the micro research level.Lastly,the new issues should be addressed reflecting the characteristics of the information and internet age.