诗情画意 情景交融——中国传统园林的水镜造境研究

Poetic and Picturesque Blending Emotions and Sceneries——Study of Constructing Jing by Watermirror in Chinese Traditional Gardens

古人以盆盛水照形而有了最早的镜子——水镜。水镜与风景园林的结合大约肇始于东汉永和五年(140年)的镜湖。经过唐宋的诗人造园、元明的画士造园以及诗论、画论对园林的影响,中国风景园林形成了诗情画意的造园思想。"境"由边界、边境之义演变为"围绕主体并与主体互动的有显著特性的多维空间"。水镜上升至艺术、文学、美学的高度并与"境"发生紧密联系。水镜造境既有虚实互映、浮光朗照和漏月招云3种方式,又有以园林建筑与周围水域所形成的空间尺度关系。

The ancients enjoyed themselves by the water in the basin,from which the earliest mirror came into being.The combination of water-mirror and landscape architecture roughly originated from Jing Lake in the fifth year of Yonghe in Eastern Han Dynasty.Tang and Song Dynasties'poets'garden making,painters'garden making in Yuan and Ming periods and poetics and the theory of painting have great influence on Chinese garden.Influenced by the above three elements,poetic and picturesque thoughts and principles eventually form in the Chinese landscape garden making.Gradually,Jing(environment)evolves from the original border,frontier into a multidimensional space around and interactive with the subject.Water-mirror rises up to the height of art,literature and aesthetics and has close relation with Jing.Jing made by watermirror forms three ways which actually reflect the relationships among the actual things around the water,their shadows and the effects from the two formers.Jing also forms some scale relations between architecture and water areas.