突破与转型:哈佐格主政时期美国国家公园研究(1964—1972)

Breakthrough and Transition: Research of America's National Parks in the Hartzog Years(1964—1972)

美国国家公园滥觞于1872年黄石国家公园的诞生,其在1916年美国国家公园管理局成立后进入新的发展阶段,尤其是在乔治·哈佐格担任局长期间(1964—1972年)得到迅猛发展,从而实现突破与转型。主要从城市休闲项目、历史文化保护、野生动植物管理和国家公园体系4个特定角度对哈佐格任国家公园管理局局长时期,美国国家公园发展的主要表现和影响等内容进行初步探讨,以期更好地理解变动社会中的美国国家公园。

The establishment of Yellowstone National Park in 1872 marked the origination of American national parks which entered a new stage after the National Park Service was founded in 1916.Especially when George B.Hartzog,Jr.served as the director of the National Park Service(1964-1972),the national parks achieved striking and turning development.This article preliminarily discusses the main manifestations and historical influence of America's national parks during the period of George B.Hartzog,Jr.leading the National Park Service from four given perspectives,namely,urban recreation programs,historic preservation,wildlife management and national park system,in order to better understand America's national parks in the changing society.