口语加工中的词语切分线索

Word segmentation cues in the process of spoken language

词是语言的基本结构单位,对词语进行切分是语言加工的重要步骤。口语语流中的切分线索来自于语音、语义和语法三个方面。语音线索包括概率信息、音位配列规则和韵律信息,韵律信息中还包括词重音、时长和音高等内容,这些线索的使用在接触语言的早期阶段就逐渐被个体所掌握,而且在不同的语言背景下有一定的特异性。语法和语义线索属于较高级的线索机制,主要作用于词语切分过程的后期。后续研究应从语言的毕生发展和语言的特异性两个方面考察口语语言加工中的词语切分线索。

Words are generally considered as the basic unit of language processing.Hence word segmentation is a vital step for language comprehension.In speech processing,cues for word segmentation may be phonological,grammatical or semantic.Phonological cues can be further classified as statistic,phonotactic and prosodic,while prosodic information involves stress,duration and pitch.Phonological cues are generally acquired at the initial stage of language learning,and they differ as the linguistic environment changes.Semantic and grammatical knowledge provide high-level cues which constrains word segmentation at later stage.It is suggested that future research focus on the trajectory of segmentation cues in a lifespan and the specificity of language in the process of word segmentation.