论民间艺术“雅化”转向及其文化逻辑

On the Aesthetic “Elegance”of Folk Art and Its Cultural Logic

民间艺术是在农耕社会语境中发展起来的一种"俗"艺术,随着生存土壤的消失,逐渐变成"遗产"存在于现代社会中。目前关于民间艺术保护的途径都存在一定缺陷,难以真正保证其传承发展。为激活其生命力,许多民间艺人纷纷转向审美"雅化",对民间艺术进行艺术创新,使之进入现代艺术体制。事实证明,审美"雅化"可以成为民间艺术现代重生的重要手段。但是,"雅化"既是一种艺术性提升的追求,更是一种被迫选择。此转向逻辑背后实则蕴含着传统美学话语对民间艺术的偏见,反映出民间艺术的深层美学困境,即因缺乏民艺美学话语权导致在艺术市场的被边缘化,不得不以精英艺术的标准自我规训。因此,为避免"雅化"的畸形化,促进民间艺术自由健康发展,需要通过构建民间艺术审美话语营造良好的民艺美学生态。

As a kind of“low art”in the context of agricultural society,folk art has gradually become the“heritage”of modern society.At present,there are some defects in the ways of protection of folk art.It is difficult to truly guarantee the contemporary development of folk art.In order to activate the vitality of folk art,many folk artists have turned to aesthetic elegance and artistic innovation,making it into the modern art system.It has been proved that aesthetic elegance can be an important means for the modern rebirth of folk art.However,elegance is not only an artistic pursuit,but also a forced choice.The logic of this kind of turn contains the traditional aesthetics discourse prejudice to the folk art,reflecting the deep aesthetics dilemma of folk art that the marginalization of folk art in the art market because of lacking discourse power of folk art.In fact,it is the behavior of self-discipline according to the elite art standard.To avoid the“malformation”of the artistry and promote the free and healthy development of folk art,it is necessary to build a good aesthetic ecology of folk art by constructing folk art aesthetic discourse.