魏晋南北朝史志编纂的方法意识及其成就

Method Consciousness and Achievement of Historiography in the Wei, Jin and Northern & Southern Dynasties

自司马迁、班固之后,史学体裁已较完备;至魏晋南北朝,史书和方志更是大量编纂而成,体现了强烈而鲜明的方法意识。《三国志》体例创新、裴松之首创以史证史的史学方法,开辟史书注释之路;范晔《后汉书》博采众书,裁成典籍;僧祐《出三藏记集》建立起佛经目录学基础体系;刘义庆《世说新语》借语录体展示了魏晋名士风度和玄学思潮发展情况;《华阳国志》以编年史和人物传相结合,开创方志史效法正史的写法,且在结构上采用佛教典籍"合本子注"体式;郦道元《水经注》通过"迳见"方式订正和取舍材料,具有很强的实践精神。这一时期史志创作因而盛况空前。

Since Sima Qian and Ban Gu,historiography has been relatively complete.In the Wei,Jin and Northern&Southern dynasties,a lot of history books and local chronicles were compiled,reflecting strong and distinct consciousness of method.Innovative style of Records of the Three Kingdoms and Pei Songzhi’s initiative method of certifying history by means of history started annotation in history books.Book of the Later Han Dynasty by Fan Ye collected widely from other books.Chu San Zang Ji Ji by Seng You set up the basic system of the bibliography of Buddhism.A New Account of the Tales of the World by Liu Yiqing showed the elegance of scholars and development of metaphysics in the Wei and Jin dynasties.With the combination of chronicle and biography,Hua Yang Guo Zhi created a method of imitating the official history in writing local chronicles,and adopted the style of syntheses of annotation in original Buddhist texts.?Notes on Water Classic by Li Daoyuan revised and chose materials in the way of"looking directly",bearing a very practical spirit.As a result,history books writing was unprecedented during this period.