单人工上苗式半自动蔬菜嫁接机关键机构设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Key Mechanism for Semi-automatic Vegetable Grafting Machine

半自动嫁接机价格低、适用蔬菜种类广,但其生产能力相对低。为简化操作、提高嫁接效率,设计一种单人工补给砧木和接穗苗的贴接式半自动蔬菜嫁接机。嫁接机关键部件包括砧穗木夹持旋转机构、旋转持苗防回转机构、切削机构等;其中,旋转持苗防回转机构采用了双棘轮反向止动,实现单电机驱动双轴间歇反向旋转,保证上苗和夹持工序有序配合;确定了砧穗木上苗位、夹持、切削、嫁接工位的较优布局,可实现单人工同时上砧、穗木苗。对南瓜和丝瓜穴盘苗进行嫁接试验表明:嫁接成功率达到89%,与人工相近;嫁接效率达到846.3株/h,是人工嫁接效率的3.3倍,证明该单人工上苗操作的贴接式嫁接机满足工厂化嫁接作业要求。

Semi-automatic grafting machine is widely used in variety of vegetables with a low equipment price.However,its production capacity is relatively low.In order to simplify the operation and improve the efficiency of grafting,a semi-automatic grafting machine for single person to graft rootstock and scion seedlings was designed.The design of the key components of the grafting machine included stock and scion seedlings clamping and rotation mechanism,a seedling holding anti-rotation mechanism and a cutting mechanism.The seedling holding anti-rotation device adopted a double ratchet reverse stop to realize a single motor driven two axles with reverse rotation,which was used to ensure the orderly mating process for the grafting seedlings.The optimized layout design for seedling putting position,clamping,cutting,and grafting position would be convenient for single-person to put rootstock and scion seedlings at the same time.The pumpkin seedlings and loofah seedlings were used for grafting test.The different groups test of single artificial seedling was carried out to analyze the graft success rate and grafting efficiency of the model.The grafting experiments on pumpkin and loofah seedlings showed that the success rate of grafting reached 89%,which was similar to that of artificial grafting.The grafting speed reached 846.3 strains/h,which was nearly 3.3 times of artificial grafting rate.It proved that the semi-automatic grafting machine design met the requirements of factory grafting operations.