中国淡水渔业空间格局演化及其影响机理

Spatial Pattern Evolution and Its Influencing Mechanism of Freshwater Fisheries in China

综合运用探索性空间数据分析、标准差椭圆、空间变差函数等方法,探究1980—2016年中国淡水渔业格局演化的特征及影响机理。结果表明:(1)中国淡水渔业具有明显的空间自相关和空间集聚特征,分布始终呈东北—西南格局,重心一直落在长江中游的鄂东地区;热点区由"四峰并峙"变为"三足鼎立"格局,次热点区向西南演替,次冷点区在局部日益聚集,冷点区主要在西部连片分布。(2)中国淡水渔业不均衡格局的连续性和空间自组织性较强,由空间自相关引起的结构化分异愈发显著。(3)中国淡水渔业格局的演化受宜渔资源、生态环境、地形地貌、水产品消费需求、技术水平、企业集聚、水产品区域布局规划、渔业经营管理制度、重大工程项目等多重因素的共同影响。

Exploratory spatial data analysis,standard deviational ellipse,spatial variogram and other methods were used to explore the characteristics and influence mechanism of the evolution of freshwater fisheries pattern in China from 1980 to 2016.Freshwater fisheries in China showed obvious spatial autocorrelation and spatial agglomeration characteristics,always maintained as northeast-southwest pattern,center of gravity has been located in the east of Hubei Province of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River;hot spots evolved from four provinces to three provinces,sub-hot spots moved to Southwest,sub-cold spots gradually gathered locally,and cold spots mainly distributed in the western region.The continuity and spatial self-organization of the unbalanced pattern of freshwater fisheries in China were strong,the structural differentiation caused by spatial autocorrelation was more and more obvious.The pattern evolution of freshwater fisheries in China was influenced by multiple factors such as fishery resources,ecological environment,topographic features,aquatic products consumption demand,technical level,enterprise agglomeration,regional layout planning of aquatic products,fishery management system,major projects and so on.