国际价值、比较优势与贸易利益

International Value, Comparative Advantages and Trade Interests

通过建立和扩展马克思国际价值的理论模型,提出以国际价值理论为基础的比较优势理论,由此研究基于国际价值和比较优势基础上的贸易利益,分析得出:各国可以在相互贸易条件下获得贸易利益,但其贸易利益的来源具有差异。在一定条件下,一国在国际贸易中获得贸易利益的同时,另一国可能会出现贸易利益的损害,在此基础上,如果某个国家在某种商品的生产上出现技术进步,即该商品生产的劳动生产率出现变化,比较优势结构相应改变,则这种技术进步会通过国际相对价值的变化,对处于经济表层的相对价格产生影响,并进一步导致参与国际贸易的各国的贸易利益的得失发生变动。

By establishing and expanding the theoretical model of Marx’s international value,the author puts forward the comparative advantage theory based on the international value theory,and thus studies the trade interests based on international value and comparative advantages.The analysis points out that countries can obtain trade interests through mutual trade,but the sources of their trade interests vary.Under certain conditions,while one country gains trade interests from international trade,another country may suffer damage in terms of trade interests.On this basis,if one country has achieved technological progress in the production of a certain commodity,that is,the labor productivity of producing this commodity changes and the structure of comparative advantage changes accordingly,this technological progress will affect the relative price on the economic surface through the change in international relative value,and thus further lead to the change in the gains and losses of the trade interests of the countries participating in international trade.