16～19世纪前期海上丝绸之路的丝绸棉布贸易

Silk and Cotton Cloth Trade on Sea Silk Road During the 16th to 19th Century

自世界大航海时代到19世纪早期,中国的丝绸与棉布是海上丝绸之路上的主要商品。在18世纪中期以前,生丝和丝绸分别是输向日本和欧洲等地最大宗的商品。棉布输出到欧美各国,在1819年达到最高值,超过三百万匹,其他年份多在数十万匹至二百万匹;输向俄罗斯的在18世纪末时达最高量,占俄罗斯进口商品总值的三分之二,较长时期里成为贸易过程中的商品价值尺度。中国丝绸棉布经由海上丝绸之路销往全球,在中外贸易史和经济交流史上产生了重要而又深远的影响,直接改变着贸易参与国的衣着和消费习尚,也直接推动或影响着江南地区的丝绸和棉布的商品生产乃至社会经济,而由日本和拉丁美洲源源输入的巨额白银使白银货币化得以实现,导致了"价格"革命和"消费革命",商品和硬通货之间的单向巨额流动促使各国纷纷制订"贸易保护主义"政策,直接影响着中西贸易的商品流向与流通规模。

From the great sea expenditure of the world to the early 19 th century,China's silk and cotton cloth were the main goods on the Sea Silk Road. Raw silk and silk were the bulk commodity exported respectively to Japan and Europe before the 18 th century,and cotton cloth to the nations in Europe and America,and 1819 saw the climax of cloth trade,reaching over 3 million webs( in other years it reached from 100 thousand to 2 million); To Russia,the late 18 th century reached the peak,with 2/3 of Russian import,being the commodity value scale in trade for quite a long time. The Chinese silk and cotton cloth were sold to the world on the Sea Silk Road,leaving an important influence on the Sino-foreign trade history and economic communication history,directly changing the fashion of costume and consumption in the trade countries,and directly promoting or impacting the production of silk and cloth and the social economy in Jiangnan region. The huge amount of silver from Japan and Latin America monetized silver,which leading to the "price revolution"and "consumption revolution". The one-way flow of the goods and the hard currency caused the nations to draw up the policy of "trade protectionism",directly influencing the commodity flow direction and flow scale.