摘要
通过两年大田随机区组试验,研究不同形态氮素运筹对0~30 cm耕层土壤养分和酶活性及对玉米产量的影响。所有处理进行分层操作,设置不施氮肥(CK)、普通尿素一次施肥(PU1)、普通尿素传统施肥(PU2,60%种肥+40%追肥)、普通尿素分层施肥(PU3,上层20%N+中层30%N+下层50%N)、缓释尿素(PCU)与普通尿素(PU)配施分层施肥[上层20%N(普通尿素)+中层30%N(配施)+下层50%N(配施),PCU1(PCU∶PU=中3∶7、下3∶7)、PCU2(PCU∶PU=中5∶5、下5∶5)、PCU3(PCU∶PU=中3∶7、下5∶5)、PCU4(PCU∶PU=中5∶5、下3∶7)]共8个处理。结果表明:在0~10 cm土层中,处理PU2的土壤养分和酶活性较高,除CK外,其它处理间无显著差异。缓释尿素与普通尿素配施处理(PCU1、PCU2、PCU3、PCU4)的土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量分别比普通尿素的处理(PU1、PU2、PU3)在10~20 cm土层提高0.48%~5.66%、2.61%~7.64%、11.57%~43.30%,PCU4处理含量最高,分别为24.30 g/kg、1.61 g/kg、84.28 mg/kg;在20~30 cm土层提高0.68%~7.32%、3.37%~9.04%、2.51%~26.17%,PCU2处理含量最高,分别为24.13、1.33、72.23 mg/kg。缓释尿素与普通尿素配施处理(PCU1、PCU2、PCU3、PCU4)的脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶活性比未配施缓释尿素的处理(PU1、PU2、PU3)在10~20 cm分别提高2.49%~8.33%、7.25%~28.12%、1.05%~13.79%、14.57%~73.16%,PCU4处理酶活性最高,分别为0.60 mg/g、1.04 mol/L、29.15 mg/g、0.98 mg/g,20~30 cm土层提高9.52%~15.91%、9.60%~32.14%、12.26%~36.39%、26.40%~45.42%,PCU2酶活性最高,分别为0.60 mg/g、1.07 mol/L、25.27 mg/g、0.87 mg/g。缓释尿素与普通尿素配施处理较全部施普通尿素PU3产量两年分别提高1.78%~15.85%和2.32%~24.56%,PCU4产量最高达13 016和13 899 kg/hm2。缓释尿素与普通尿素配施施肥方式能提高耕层10~30 cm土壤养分含量和酶活性,促进玉米生长并显著增加玉米产量,其中PCU4处理施肥方式最佳。
With two years field randomized block experiment,this study researched the changes of yield of maize and soil enzymatic activity and nutrient content in 0~30 cm under different nitrogen management modes.The field experiments including eight fertilization treatments:No N fertilizer application(CK),once applying common urea as base fertilizer(PU1),conventional a pplying common urea(PU2),layered applying common urea(PU3,top layer∶middle layer∶bottom layer=2∶3∶5),slow-released(PCU)and common urea(PU)mixed layered applying,including PCU1(PCU∶PU=middle 3∶7,bottom 3∶7),PCU2(PCU∶PU=middle 5∶5,bottom 5∶5),PCU3(PCU∶PU=middle 3∶7,bottom 5∶5),PCU4(PCU∶PU=middle 5∶5,bottom 3∶7).The results showed that PU2 had higher content of soil nutrient and enzymatic activity in top 0~10 cm soil.There was no significant difference among other treatments except CK.Compared with the treatments of common nitrogen(PU1,PU2,PU3),The content of organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen of the treatments of release urea combined with common urea(PCU1,PCU2,PCU3,PCU4)in the soil of 10~20 cm were increased by 0.48%~5.66%,2.61%~7.64%,11.57%~43.30%,the treatment of PCU4 had the highest content which were 24.30 g/kg,1.61 g/kg,84.28 mg/kg.The content in 20~30 cm soil were increased by 0.68%~7.32%,3.37%~9.04%,2.51%~26.17%,the treatment of PCU2 had the highest content of which were 24.13 g/kg,1.33 g/kg,72.23 mg/kg.The content of urease,catalase,sucrase,alkaline phosphatase in the soil of 10~20 cm were increased by 2.49%~8.33%,7.25%~28.12%,1.05%~13.79%,14.57%~73.16%,the treatment of PCU4 had the highest content which were 0.60 mg/g,1.04 mol/L,29.15 mg/g,0.98 mg/g,the contents in 20~30 cm soil were increased by 9.52%~15.91%,9.60%~32.14%,12.26%~36.69%,26.40%~45.42%,the treatment of PCU2 had the highest content which were 0.60 mg/g,1.07 mol/L,25.27 mg/g,0.87 mg/g.Compared with PU3,the treatment of release urea combined with common urea applied increased the yield of maize by 1.78%~15.85%and 2.32%~24.56%in the two years,and the PCU4 had the highest yield with 13 016 kg/hm 2 and 13 899 kg/hm 2.Slow-released and common urea mixed layered applying can increase the content of nutrient and enzymatic activity of 10~30 cm soil,and increase the yield of maize,the treatment of PCU4 is the best cultivation and fertilizer application method.
作者
武鹏
王玉凤
杨克军
张翼飞
薛盈文
张鹏飞
陈天宇
庞晨
王怀鹏
尹雪巍
杨丽
WU Peng;WANG Yu-feng;YANG Ke-jun;ZHANG Yi-fei;XUE Ying-wen;ZHANG Peng-fei;CHEN Tian-yu;PANG Chen;WANG Huai-peng;YIN Xue-wei;YANG Li(College of Agronmy,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement,Daqing Heilongjiang 163319)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第5期24-32,共9页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300502
2018YFD0300101)
国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD23B05-04)
黑龙江农垦总局重点项目HNK135-02
黑龙江八一农垦大学博士启动基金校启DB2011-16
黑龙江省现代农业产业技术协同创新体系
关键词
玉米
分层施肥
缓释尿素
土壤养分
酶活性
maize
layered fertilization
slow-release urea
soil nutrient
enzymatic activity