盐化草甸土春秋整地对土壤性状及水稻产量的影响

Effect of tillage period on soil characteristic and rice yield in salinization meadow soil

为明确整地时期对水田土壤的理化性质以及水稻产量的影响,在盐化草甸土型水稻土上开展了水田连续春、秋整地对土壤和水稻产量影响大区对比试验研究。结果表明:秋季整地可降低土壤含水量和容重,0～10 cm土层土壤含水量下降10.07%,容重下降0.02 g·cm^(-3);秋季整地可以提高土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,3次连续调查结果是土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量秋整地比春整地分别提高29.30%、43.77%和24.06%,秋整地土壤淹水培养后铵态氮含量比春整地高7.94 mg·kg^(-1),秋整地土壤中交换性钠离子比春整地下降11.16%～129.72%,pH值下降0.10～0.36;秋整地可以提高水稻根系活力,促进籽粒养分吸收,与春整地相比,籽粒氮、磷、钾积累量分别提高4.51、2.49和1.03 kg·hm^(-2),水稻产量第1年增产1.03%,第2年增产22.61%,差异极显著,两年平均增产11.82%。综上所述,秋整地的盐化草甸土区稻田,无论是水稻产量还是土壤理化性质方面,均较春整地好。

The experiment was carried out about continuous tillage in spring and autumn in salinization meadow soil,in order to clarify the effect of tillage period on soil physical and chemical characteristics and rice yield.The result showed that the water content and bulk density was decreased when tillage in autumn,soil water content was decreased by 10.07%,bulk density was decreased by 0.02 g·cm-3 in 0~10 cm layer.Compared with tillage in spring,the average value of soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were increased by 29.30%,43.77%and 24.06%,ammonium nitrogen was 7.94 mg·kg-1 higher after flooding cultivation,exchangeable sodium ion was increased by 11.16%~129.72%,and pH value was decreased by 0.10~0.36.Autumn tillage improved root activity,promoted nutrient uptake of rice kernels and the accumulated content of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium was increased by 4.51,2.49 and 1.03 kg·hm-2,the yield was increased by 1.03%and 22.61%in the first and second year,the average was 11.82%.In summary,in salinization meadow soil area,the soil physical and chemical properties and rice yield were better when tillage in autumn than that in spring.