基于IC卡数据的长距离公交客流特征分析

Ridership Characteristics Analysis of the Long-Distance Bus Based on Smart Card Data

围绕长距离公交客流时空特征,基于公交IC卡数据,提出以时间不均衡指数、高峰时间占比、方向不均衡指数、沿线公交资源密度、线路平均里程利用系数5项指标构建评价体系,选取4条京冀长距离公交线路进行案例分析并给出评价雷达图。研究表明:建立的指标体系可有效量化分析评价长距离公交的客流特征,进而对其运营管理提供优化建议。案例计算结果可以看出中心城区长距离公交各项评价指标均小于城区外部公交;815等通勤比重大的跨市域线路公交里程利用率、不均衡性较高,可采用区间车或直达车等调度方式;对于915等资源密度小、里程利用率低的线路,可适当优化线网,调整站点。

Focused on the space-time characteristics of the long-distance bus passenger flow,five indexes were proposed to establish the evaluation system based on bus IC card data.Five indexes included imbalance index,peak time ratio,the direction unbalanced coefficient,density of bus resources along routes and average mileage utilization coefficient of routes.Four long-distance bus lines in Beijing and Hebei province were selected in the case study and the evaluation radar map was given.The results show that the proposed index system can effectively quantify,analyze and evaluate the passenger flow characteristics of the long-distance bus;and then it can provide optimization suggestions for the operation and management.The calculation results of the case study show that the values of the above five indexes of the bus lines in the city are all less than those of the rural bus lines.For the bus lines with a high average line utilization and unbalance coefficient,such as bus Line 815,the shuttle bus or nonstop scheduling could improve the operation efficiency.The lines with low bus line density and average line utilization,for example Line 915,the network can be optimized appropriately and the stations can be adjusted.