土工抗震60年研究进展与展望

Review of aseismatic research of earth structure at IWHR in the last 6 decades and its future development

本文论述了土工抗震学科的创立、发展和创新历程,并对汶川地震后土工抗震研究的新进展和主要成果进行了论述和总结,在此基础上对土工抗震学科今后的研究重点进行了展望。自汪闻韶院士1958年在中国水利水电科学研究院创立我国第一个土动力学试验室、开创我国土动力学和土工抗震学科以来,土工抗震学科在土体动力特性测试技术、土的液化机理及判别方法、土工振动台动力模型试验、土体真非线性动力本构模型、土石坝及地基抗震安全评价方法、室内外试验联合确定土体动力特性参数、土石坝及地基抗震设计理论(思想)和原则等方面取得了创新性和开创性的进展,奠定了我国土动力学和土工抗震研究的理论基础和领先地位。2008年汶川地震后,围绕高土石坝抗震的新需求,在高土石坝极限抗震能力分析方法、高土石坝地震破坏模式、高土石坝抗震减灾工程措施等方面取得了一系列新进展,逐步建立了室内试验和现场试验相结合、原型震害-数值模拟-物理模拟相结合、变形分析和稳定分析相结合、整体稳定分析和局部稳定分析相结合的高土石坝抗震安全评价体系。未来迫切需要开展复杂深厚覆盖层上高土石坝抗震关键技术,特高土石坝地震灾变行为与安全控制,基于性能的高土石坝抗震安全评价及灾害控制,水库大坝抗震监测预警、应急处置等方面的研究。

In this paper,the foundation,development and innovation of the earthquake-resistant discipline of earth-rockfill dams and foundations are presented,and the new progress and main achievements after the Wenchuan earthquake are discussed and summarized,and the future research focus is predicted.In 1958,academician Wang Wenshao founded the first Soil Dynamics Laboratory in China at China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,which initiated the discipline of soil dynamics and aseismatic research of earth structures.Since then,the earth structure aseismatic discipline has made innovative progress in soil dynamic characteristics test technologies,soil liquefaction mechanism and evaluation methods,shaking table model test of earth structure,real nonlinear dynamic constitutive model of soils,seismic safety evaluation method of earth-rockfill dams and foundations,determination of soil dynamic parameters by combining laboratory and field tests and theory and principle of seismic design for earth rockfill dams and foundations,which laid the theoretical foundation and leading position of our country's research in earth structure aseismatic dispicline.After the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008,a series of new progresses in the research of aseismic safety of high earth-rockfill dams have been made in the analysis of the ultimate aseismic ability and the seismic failure mode,the seismic liquefaction of the overburden layer,and earthquake resistant and disaster mitigation measures,and a seismic safety evaluation system is gradually established by combination of indoor tests and field tests,prototype earthquake damage-numerical simulation and physical simulation,deformation analysis and stability analysis,integrated stability analysis and local stability analysis.In the future,it is urgent to carry out research on some key technologies of high earth-rockfill dams,including key technologies for seismic resistance of high earth-rockfill dams on complex deep alluvial soils,earthquake catastrophe behavior and safety control of the super high earth-rockfill dam,seismic safety evaluation and disaster control based on the performance of high earth-rock fill dam,seismic monitoring and early warning,the key technology of emergency disposal and so on.