蔷薇属植物杂交优良组合的筛选

Selection of fine hybrid combinations of Rosa

【目的】分析蔷薇属植物不同杂交组合的结实特性,为月季杂交育种提供参考依据。【方法】以5个蔷薇种及25个现代月季品种为亲本材料,进行种与品种间杂交、品种间杂交和品种自交,比较不同杂交组合的结实率,筛选高亲和性月季杂交组合。【结果】以蔷薇和法国蔷薇为父本与现代月季杂交的杂交组合均可获得一定的结实率,而以粉团蔷薇、七姊妹和软条七蔷薇为父本,各杂交组合的结实率均为0。其中,遗产×法国蔷薇和遗产×蔷薇的杂交亲和性较高,结实率分别为40.00%和35.00%。50个品种间杂交组合中,光谱♀×杏花村♂、光谱♀×大游行♂、遗产♀×南海♂、绯扇♀×月季夫人♂和绯扇♀×西方大地♂的杂交亲和性较高,结实率分别为51.67%、53.33%、41.67%、56.67%和58.33%;10个品种的自交结果表明,贾博士的纪念自交结实率最高,达63.33%。【结论】蔷薇和法国蔷微与现代月季杂交、现代月季品种间杂交及现代月季品种自交的结实性及杂交亲和性存在明显差异,其中蔷薇和法国蔷薇与现代月季杂交的结实率较高,可作为现代月季杂交育种的父本利用。

【Objective】This experiment aimed to study on the seed setting of hybrid combinations from the genus Rosa and to provide reference frame for the hybridization of rose.【Method】Five varieties of Rosa and twenty-five modern rose varieties were used as parent materials.Hybridization between combinations and varieties,interbreed hybridization and self-crossing hybridization were carried out.Seed setting rate of different hybrid combinations were compared and hybrid combinations with high affinity were seleted.【Result】Hybrid combination with R.multiflora Thunb and R.gallica L.var.officinalis Thory as male parent crossing with modern rose varieties could obtain certain level of seed setting rate.The seed setting rates of hybrid combinations with R.multiflora var.cathayensis,R.multiflora.var.platyphylla and R.henryi Bouleng as male parents were 0.The compatibility of hybrid of Heritage×R.gallica L.var.officinalis Thory and Heritage×R.multiflora Thunb were high,their seed setting rates were 40.00%and 35.00%respectively.The combinations with good compatibility among the 50 hybrid combinations were Spectra♀×Betty prior♂,Spectra♀×Parade♂,Heritage♀×South seas♂,Hiohgi♀×Lady rose♂,Hiohgi♀×Westerland♂,their seed setting rates were 51.67%,53.33%,41.67%,56.67%and 58.33%.The self-crossing hybridization of ten varieties showed that seed setting rate of self crossing of Souvenir du docteur Jamain could reach 63.33%.【Conclusion】There are great differences in the seed setting for hybridization between Rosa and modern rose,interbreed crossing of modern rose varieties and self-crossing of modern rose varieties,and there is also great difference in the compatibility of the hybrids.The seed setting rate of hybrid of R.multiflora Thunb and R.gallica L.var.officinalis Thory is high,and they can be used as male parent in hybridization of modern rose.