基于高通量测序的橡胶林土壤真菌多样性及群落组成分析

Analysis of soil fungal diversity and community composition of rubber plantations based on high-throughput sequencing

【目的】分析不同林龄橡胶林中土壤真菌的多样性及群落组成,为橡胶林土壤生态系统的健康发展和可持续利用提供参考依据。【方法】采用高通量测序技术测定海南大丰农场不同林龄(5、10、13、18、25和30年生)橡胶林中土壤真菌的ITS序列,观测真菌多样性和群落组成随种植年限的变化情况,并分析其与土壤环境因子的关系。【结果】从6个林龄橡胶林的18份土壤样本中获得563658条ITS序列,在97%序列相似性基础上可划分为10943个可操作分类单元(OTU)。真菌群落的丰富度指数(Ace和Chao1)以25年生橡胶林最低,而多样性指数(Shannon-wienner和Simpson)在不同林龄橡胶林间差异不明显。Ascomycota(子囊菌门)、Zygomycota(接合菌门)和Basidiomycota(担子菌门)是海南大丰农场橡胶林土壤真菌的主要优势类群;不同林龄橡胶林间的真菌群落组成差异主要体现在Zygomycota、Basidiomycota、Glomeromycota(球囊菌门)和Rozellomycota类群相对丰度的不同。冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,橡胶林的土壤真菌多样性与土壤养分含量(尤其是钾元素含量)密切相关。【结论】高通量测序技术测定的不同林龄橡胶林间土壤真菌群落多样性无明显差异,而真菌群落丰度以25年生橡胶林最低,5、10、13、18和30年生橡胶林间差异不明显;真菌群落组成的优势类群为子囊菌门、接合菌门和担子菌门;土壤养分含量(尤其是钾元素含量)是影响橡胶林土壤真菌多样性的重要因素。

【Objective】The purpose of this study was to provide basis for the healthy development and sustainable use of soil ecosystems in rubber plantations by investigating the diversity and composition of soil fungal communities in rubber plantations of different stand ages.【Method】High-throughput sequencing technique was used to mensure the ITS sequences of soil fungal communities in a chronosequence of rubber plantations that were 5,10,13,18,25,and 30-year-old in Dafeng Farm of Hainan.Variation of fungal diversity and community composition with planting years was observed,and its relationship with soil environmental factors was analyzed.【Result】A total of more than 563658 ITS sequences were obtained from eighteen soil samples from six rubber plantations,and these sequences were divided into 10943 operable sorting unit(OTU)under 97%sequence similarity.The abundance indexes(Ace and Chao1)of the fungal community were the lowest in the 25-year-old rubber plantation,while the diversity indexes(Shannon-wienner and Simpson)were not largely different between the rubber plantations of different ages.The dominant phyla of soil fungal communities in rubber plantations of Dafeng farm,Hainan were Ascomycota,Zygomycota and Basidiomycota.The difference of fungal community composition between rubber plantations of different ages was mainly on the different relative abundance of Zygomycota,Basidiomycota,Glomeromycota and Rozellomycota groups.Redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that soil fungal community diversity was closely correlated with soil nutrients content(especially potassium content)in rubber plantations.【Conclusion】The diversity of soil fungal community is not greatly different among rubber plantations of different ages detected by high-throughput sequencing,but the abundance of soil fungal community is the lowest in 25-year-old rubber plantation.The differences among 5,10,13,18 and 30-year-old rubber plantations are not significant.The dominant phyla of soil fungal communities are Ascomycota,Zygomycota and Basidiomycota.Soil nutrients content(especially potassium content)are important factors that affect the soil fungi diversity of rubber plantations.